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This  BOOK  may  be  kept  out  TWO  WEEI 
ONLY,  and  is  subject  to  a  fine  of  FIA 
CENTS  a  day  thereafter.  It  is  due  on  t 
day  indicated  below: 


CATALOGUE 


PHjENOGAMOUS  and  vascular  cryptogamous 

PLANTS  OF  MICHIGAN, 
INDIGENOUS,  NATURALIZED,  AND  ADVENTIVE. 


■ 


BY 

CHAS.  F.  WHEELER  AND  ERWIN  F.  SMITH, 

Hubbardston,  Mich. 


Hsec    scire   juvat 


;  5  ru>     \ 

SEP  26  1883 

LANSING: 
W.  S.  GEORGE    &   CO.,  STATE   PRINTERS   AND    BINDERS. 

1881. 


MICHIGAN    FLORA. 


PREPARED     FOR     THE     MICHIGAN     HORTICULTURAL     SOCIETY     BY     CHARLES     F, 
WHEELER    AND    ERWIN   F.    SMITH,    HUBBARDSTON,    MICHIGAN, 


# 


PREFACE. 


This  list  of  Michigan  plants  was  made  at  the  suggestion  of  the  State  Horti- 
cultural Society  for  publication  in  their  tenth  annual  report.  As  a  foundation, 
the  authors  have  collected  over  1,100  species  of  flowering  plants  and  ferns  in 
various  parts  of  the  State  during  the  past  fourteen  years. 

They  have  also  made  use  of  the  following  earlier  catalogues  of  Michigan 
plants,  and  tender  their  acknowledgments  accordingly:  To  the  First  (?)  Cata- 
logue of  Michigan  Plants,  by  Dr.  Jno.  Wright,  embracing  850  species,  which 
appeared  in  Dr.  D.  Houghton's  Second  Annual  Report  in  the  year  1839,  published 
in  "  Senate  Documents."  This  was  a  simple  list  of  the  plants  collected  during 
one  season  between  Detroit  river  and  Lake  Michigan,  in  the  first  and  second 
tiers  of  counties,  alphabetically  arranged  and  without  notes.  To  W.  A.  Burt's 
Manuscript  List  of  185  species,  from  the  central  part  of  the  Upper  Peninsula, 
collected  while  running  township  lines  in  1844,  and  identified  by  Dr.  D.  Cooley. 
To  W.  D.  Whitney's  "List of  Plants  of  the  Upper  Peninsula,"  with  notes,  pub- 
lished in  the  second  volume  of  Foster  &  Whitney's  Report,  in  the  year  1851, 
and  comprising  417  species  of  plants,  collected  chiefly  along  the  shore  of  the 
Great  Lakes.  To  a  "Manuscript  List  of  the  Plants  Growing  Spontaneously 
within  Ten  Miles  of  Cooley's  Corners,  Washington,  Macomb  County,"  which 
embraces  900  species  of  flowering  plants  and  ferns,  and  was  prepared  for  the 
Smithsonian  Institute  by  Dr.  D.  Cooley  in  1853.  To  N.  II.  Winchell's  "  Cata- 
logue of  Phsenogamous  and  Acrogenous  Plants  found  Growing  Wild  in  the 
Lower  Peninsula  of  Michigan  and  the  Islands  at  the  Head  of  Lake  Huron," 
published  in  Prof.  A.  Winchell's  "Geological  Report"  for  I860,  and  contain- 
ing notes  on  distribution,  frequency,  etc.  Cooley's  plants  form  part  of  the 
Herbarium  of  the  State  Agricultural  College.  Wright's  and  Winchell's  plants 
are  in  the  State  University  Herbarium.  (J 3810 

We  also  owe  acknowledgments  to  the  compilers  of  the  following  more  recent 
Catalogues  of  Michigan  Plants:  To  N.  Coleman's  List,  published  in  1874,  by 
the  Kent  Scientific  Institute,  at  Grand  Rapids.  To  Miss  E.  C.  Allmendinger's 
List  of  Ann  Arbor  Plants,  which  appeared  in  1876.  To  Dr.  A.  B.  Lyons' 
"Medicinal  Plants  Indigenous  in  Michigan,"— a  paper  read  before  the  Detroit 
Academy  of  Medicine,  Nov.  27,  1877.  To  a  "List  of  Native  Medicinal  Plants 
of  Michigan,"  prepared  by  Prof.  Volney  M.   Spalding,  of  the  University  of 

Lib 


N.   C.   State   College 


4  MICHIGAN  FLOKA. 

Michigan,  and  published  in  the  Proceedings  of  the  Michigan  Pharmaceutical 
Association  in  3877.     To  a  List  of  Michigan  Plants,  compiled  by  Dr.  Elmore 

Palmer,  in  1877. 

Our  acknowledgments  are  due  to  Prof.  W.  J.  Beal,  of  the  Michigan  Agri- 
cultural College,  for  valuable  assistance  rendered.  To  Dr.  D.  Clark,  of  Flint, 
for  specimens,  and  for  a  list  of  the  plants  of  his  vicinity.  To  Henry  Gillman, 
Esq.,  of  Detroit,  for  a  list  of  Lake  Superior  plants  collected  by  him.  To  Eev. 
E.J.  Hill  of  Engelwood,  111.,  for  lists  and  specimens  from  various  localities 
along  the  east  shore  of  Lake  Michigan.  To  L.  H.  Bailey,  Jr.,  of  South  Haven, 
for  lists  and  specimens  of  plants  growing  in  the  vicinity  of  Lansing  and  South 
Haven. 

More  than  a  passing  tribute  is  due  to  the  little  band  of  indefatigable  natural- 
ists of  the  past  generation,  who  did  so  much  pioneer  work  in  developing  all  the 
resources  of  our  fair  State.  First  among  them  stands  Dr.  Douglass  Houghton, 
while  around  him,  among  others,  may  be  grouped  the  botanists,  Dr.  Zina 
Pitcher,  Dr.  Abram  Sager,  Dr.  Dennis  Cooley,  and  Dr.  Daniel  Clark,  of  whom 
alone  Dr.  Clark  remains,  full  of  years  and  still  active  in  the  pursuit  of  his 
favorite  science.  Miss  Mary  H.  Clark,  of  Ann  Arbor,  was  also  well  known, 
especially  to  the  younger  botanists  of  the  State,  as  a  life-long  worker  in  this 
department  of  natural  history,  and  one  whose  zeal  and  enthusiasm  burned 
steadily  through  advancing  years  and  only  went  out  with  her  life. 

Others  have  been  connected,  more  or  less,  with  the  botanical  interests  of  the 
State,  either  as  teachers  or  collectors,  among  whom  may  be  mentioned  Prof. 
Geo.  Thurber,  Prof.  A.  N.  Prentiss,  and  Prof.  J.  0.  Holmes,  of  Detroit,  all 
formerly  connected  with  the  State  Agricultural  College ;  Prof.  M.  W.  Harring- 
ton, of  "the  State  University;  0.  B.  Wheeler,  Esq.,  of  Detroit;  Frank  H. 
Tnthill,  of  Kalamazoo;  and  Kev.  J.  Shanp,  of  Hastings,  Barry  county. 

In  connection  with  the  catalogue  proper,  the  following  hasty  sketch  of 
the  main  features  of  our  flora  may  be  of  some  interest.  It  is  offered,  however, 
only  as  a  sketch,  and  is  drawn  chiefly  from  our  own  field-notes,  jotted  down 
during  many  a  delightful  ramble.  The  best  part  of  botany,  after  all,  is 
not  in  the  books,  and  to  any  who  find  the  following  pages  dry,  we  commend 
nature  herself — that  boundless,  outdoor  life,  whose  interest,  beauty,  and  mys- 
tery is  with  us  from  the  cradle  to  the  grave,  forever  stimulating  inquiry,  and 
ever  richly  rewarding  patient  and  loving  toil. 

The  climate  of  the  Upper  Peninsula  of  Michigan  is  colder  than  that  of  the 
Lower  Peninsula,  the  surface  is  considerably  broken,  especially  in  the  western 
part,  and  the  flora  is  in  many  respects  decidedly  northern,  resembling  in 
part  that  of  British  America,  and  in  other  respects  like  that  of  JS".  New  Eng- 
land and  Canada.  Pines,  firs,  cedar,  larch,  junipers,  elms,  poplars,  black 
ash,  basswood,  maples,  and  birches,  are  the  principal  trees.  Pinus  strobus, 
the  prevailing  species  southward,  is  here  largely  supplanted  by  its  more  north- 
ern and  less  valuable  congener,  P.  resinosa,  whose  tall,  slim  trunks  are,  how- 
ver,  in  good  demand  for  driving  piles.  Under-shrubs,  like  Rains  Nutkanus  and 
Taxus  baccata,  var.  Canadensis,  are  common,  and  indicate  a  tendency  toward 
northern  types  that  we  find  more  strongly  developed  in  the  herbaceous  plants. 
Among  the  latter  we  note  as  found  rarely,  or  not  at  all,  in  the  Lower  Penin- 
sula, but  frequently  northward,  and  often  having  a  high  northern  range,  such 
plants  as  Anemone  jiarviflora,  Viola  SelkirTcii,  Potentilla  frigida,  Stellaria  bore- 
alis,  Saxifraga  Aizoon,  S.  tricuspidata,  Pingnicula  vulgaris,  Castillea  pallida, 
Halenia  deflexa,  Pliy salts  grandiflora,  Tofieldia  palustris,  Salix  ade?iophylla, 
Eriophorum  alpinum,  Aspidinm  fragrans,  etc.,  etc. 


MICHIGAN  FLOKA.  5 

The  influence  of  climate  on  vegetation  may  be  summed  up  in  a  few  words. 
The  climate  of  the  Lower  Peninsula  is  not  as  severe  as  that  of  the  Upper,  nor 
so  even,  but  is  subject  to  frequent,  sudden,  and  extreme  changes  of  tempera- 
ture— as  great  a  variation  during  the  winter  season  as  53°  Fahr.  in  less  than  24 
hours  having  been  recorded.  Such  rapid  changes  more  or  less  affect  vegetation, 
especially  the  tender  branches  of  cultivated  trees,  which  are  sometimes  seriously 
injured.  In  one  or  two  instances  a  like  effect  on  our  forest  trees  has  been 
noticed.  The  annual  range  of  temperature  is  about  110°,  and  the  annual 
mean  46°.  Of  rain-fall,  including  what  falls  in  form  of  snow,  we  have,  yearly, 
about  thirty  inches.  Our  snow-fall  is  much  less,  for  the  same  latitude,  than 
that  of  New  York  and  New  England.  In  the  center  of  the  peninsula,  we  sel- 
dom have  more  than  a  few  inches  at  a  time. 

The  proximity  of  the  Great  Lakes  exerts  a  marked  influence  in  equalizing 
the  temperature  and  the  effects  are  marked  upon  our  flora. 

Trees  like  Liriodendron  Tulipifera,  Asimina  triloba,  Cercis  Canadensis, 
Gleditschia  triacanthos,  Comus  jlorida,  Nyssa  multiflora,  and  Morns  rubra, 
which  belong  to  Ohio  and  Central  Illinois,  have  crept  northward,  favored  by 
the  mild  influence  of  the  lake  winds,  through  the  central  and  western  part  of 
the  Lower  Peninsula,  often  beyond  the  middle,  and  the  same  is  true  of  smaller 
and  less  noticeable  plants. 

As  might  be  expected  from  the  uniform  surface  of  the  peninsula,  the  flora 
is  much  alike  throughout.  Probably  three-fourths  of  our  species  are  common 
to  all  sections,  though  by  no  means  equally  distributed ;  some  being  very 
abundant  in  one  district  and  rare  in  another  at  no  great  distance.  In  most 
cases  such  change  is  due  to  soil  rather  than  to  difference  in  elevation,  tempera- 
ture, or  atmospheric  moisture. 

The  Lower  Peninsula  is  covered  with  a  deep  drift  of  alternating  sands,  clays, 
and  gravels,  and  the  flora  of  any  section  depends  chiefly  on  which  of  these 
happens  to  lie  uppermost.  With  reference  to  its  flora,  the  Peninsula  may  be 
roughly  divided  into  two  great  divisions — the  hard-wood  and  the  soft-wood 
lands;  one  representing  the  Appalachian  flora,  and  the  other,  the  Canadian. 

The  hardwood  country  lies  south  of  latitude  43°,  and  consists  of  very  fertile 
sand,  clay,  or  loam,  mostly  cleared  of  the  original  forest,  and  largely  culti- 
vated. 

The  sandy  or  stony  drift  of  many  river  valleys  in  this  section  supports  a 
heavy  growth  of  oak,  frequently  interspersed  with  walnut  and  hickory,  while 
the  margins  of  the  streams,  and  the  neighboring  swamps,  abound  in  soft 
maples,  swamp  and  chestnut  oak,  white  and  black  ash,  elm,  hackberry,  syca- 
more, butternut,  and  similar  trees.  Willows,  dogwoods,  viburnums,  and  but- 
tonbush,  are  common  shrubs  in  the  swamps;  and  hazel,  hawthorn,  wild 
cherry  and  plum,  June  berry,  witch-hazel,  etc.,  are  abundant  on  the  dryer 
ground. 

On  the  uplands,  and  away  from  streams,  clay,  loam,  and  a  peculiar  black- 
muck  soil,  supersede  the  sands  and  gravels  of  the  valleys.  The  prevailing 
timber  here  is  beech  and  maple  and  oak  forest  in  about  equal  proportions. 
Beech  and  maple  (Acer  saccharinnm  and  var.  nigrum)  generally  grow  together, 
forming  magnificent  forests  of  great  extent.  The  best  wheat  farms  are  usually 
found  on  uplands  near  streams,  where  the  oak  timber  gradually  shades  into 
beech  and  maple.  Plains  of  fertile  sand  covered  with  a  low,  or  scattering 
growth  of  oak  (oak  openings)  are  frequent,  and  always  very  desirable  for 
farming  purposes.  Four  species  of  oak  are  usually  found  on  such  plains— 
Q.  alba,  macrocarpa,  coccinea,  and  tinctoria. 


6  MICHIGAN  FLOKA. 

Marshes  densely  covered  with  tamarack  are  common  in  this  part  of  the  State, 
and  nourish  in  their  thick  shade  such  plants  as  Drosera  rotundifoUa,  tiarrace- 
nia  purpurea,  Rhus  venenata,  Ribes  rubrum,  Chiogenes  Mspidula,  Salix  Candida, 
Smilacina  trifolia,  Pogonia  ophioglossoides  and  Gdlopogon  pulchellum.  Arbor- 
vita,  red  cedar  and  black  spruce  are  comparatively  rare. 

A  similar  tract  of  soil  and  timber  occurs  in  the  upper  end  of  the  Penin- 
sula, north  of  a  line  drawn  from  Thunder  Bay  west  to  the  head  of  Grand 
Traverse  Bay.  This  is  commonly  known  as  the  "Traverse  Region,"  and  has 
a  flora  much  like  that  we  have  just  described,  with  the  exception  that  some  of 
the  southern  species  disappear,  and  northern  ones  begin  to  take  their  place, 
or  if  found  growing  further  south,  here  first  become  frequent. 

The  littoral  flora  of  Little  Traverse  Bay  is  rich  in  interesting  species,  among 
which  may  be  mentioned  a  small  form  of  Cakile  Americana,  Lathy rus  mariti- 
mus,  Potentate,  Anserina,  Tanacetum  Huronense,  Artemisia  Canadensis,  Cnicus 
Pitcheri,  Juncus  Balticus,  Triticum  violaceum,  T.  dasycarpum,  a  peculiar  form 
of  Bromus  ciliatus,  Calamagrostis  longifolia,  C.  arenaria,  and  Equisetum  varie- 
gatum.  The  flora  of  the  low  dunes  at  the  head  of  the  Bay  comprises,  among 
others,  the  following  species  :  Juniperus  Sabina,  \slt.  proewnbens,  Prunuspumila 
and  Cornus  stolonif era,  half  buried  in  the  drifting  sand,  Hypericum  Kalmianum, 
Salix  glaucopJiylla,  and  varieties,  Lilium  Philadelphicum,  etc.  In  a  moist  depres- 
sion were  found  Arabis  lyrata,  Coreopsis  lanceolata,  Arctostapliylos  Uva-ursi, 
Primula  farinosa,  Lithospermum  hirtum,  Triglochin  maritimum,  var.  eltaum, 
Carex  aurea,  C.  (Ederi,  etc.,  etc.  In  thickets  near  the  shore  were  found  Abies 
bahamea,  Picea  alba,  Sheperdia  Canadensis,  and  Rtibus  Nutkanus.  Deep  for- 
ests of  hemlock  and  yellow  birch  (B.  luted)  mixed  with  a  fine,  tall  growth  of 
striped  maple  (.4.  Pennsylvanicum)  are  frequent,  having  underneath  a  tangled 
growth  of  Taxus  baccata,  var.  Canadensis,  and  under  all  a  carpet  of  Lycopo- 
dium  annotinum.  Alternating  with  these  are  sandy  plains  covered  with  a  dense 
growth  of  Vacciniums,  yielding  a  great  abundance  of  fruit.  Sugar  maples  and 
basswood  are  also  abundant  in  this  region,  and  reach  an  immense  size.  In 
fact,  finer  groves  of  maple  it  would  be  difficult  to  find  in  any  part  of  the  State. 

The  pine  country  proper  lies  between  the  two  tracts  we  have  described,  and 
embraces  about  15,000  square  miles.  It  is  composed  largely  of  sand  hills  and 
plains,  either  scantily  furnished  with  vegetation,  or  densely  covered  with  pine 
forest.  Argillaceous  tracts  wooded  with  beech  and  maple  also  occur,  like  oases 
in  a  desert ;  and  swamps  abound,  with  the  usual  lowland  timber.  Forests 
of  hemlock  spruce  are  frequent,  and  there  are  occasional  ridges  of  oak. 
Birch  {B.  lutea)  also  begins  to  be  a  common  forest  tree,  and  attains  a  large 
size.  The  usual  timber  of  the  barrens  is  Jack  Pine  (P.  Banksiand).  Cli- 
matic and  other  influences  have  combined  to  produce  groves  composed  entirely 
of  this  species  of  large  size  and  of  great  beauty,  for,  instead  of  being  "a  strag- 
gling shrub,  or  low  tree"  (Gray),  it  rises,  often  50-GO  feet,  straight  and  sym- 
metrical. All  through  this  region  Pinus  strobus  is  the  prevailing  species  and 
furnishes  most  of  the  lumber,  but  P.  resinosa  is  frequent  as  far  south  as  Clare 
county,  and  occurs  sparingly  in  the  northern  part  of  Isabella  county,  which 
appears  to  be  its  southern  limit. 

Such  is  the  general  character  of  the  sylva  down  to  about  latitude  43°,  but  in 
the  western  part  of  the  State,  owing  perhaps  to  moister  climate,  or  to  favor- 
able soil,  hemlock  spruce  is  more  abundant,  and  reaches  much  farther  south, 
nearly  or  quite  to  the  Indiana  line,  and  the  same  is  true  of  white  pine. 

Portions  of  the  counties  of  Clare,  Missaukee,  and  Roscommon  represent  an 
undulating  plateau,  which  is  700-800  feet  above  the  level  of  the  great  lakes, 


MICHIGAN  FLORA.  7 

and  has  an  interesting  flora,  as  yet  little  studied.  This  region  was  examined 
in  June,  1876,  and  revealed  a  number  of  northern  plants.  In  the  southern 
part  of  Clare  county  were  found  Ledum  latifolium,  Kalmia  glauca,  Physalis 
grandiflora  (not  before  found  south  of  the  Upper  Peninsula),  Cory dalis  glauca, 
and  Geranium  Carolinianum, — the  two  latter  species  growing  luxuriantly  in 
he  deep  woods,  after  fires.  In  the  shade  of  the  Jack  Pines  grew  Prunus 
pumila,  Potentilla  tridentata  (not  before  observed  in  Lower  Peninsula),  Krigia 
Virginica,  Arctostaphylos  Uva-ursi,  Linaria  Canadensis,  Kceleria  cristata, 
Car  ex  Houghtonii,  etc.,  etc.  Near  Houghton  Lake  were  found  Adlumia 
cirrliosa,  Riles  lacustre,  Dracocephalum  parviflorum,  Streptopus  roseus,  and 
S.  amplexifolius ;  and  in  Muskegon  river,  near  its  source,  Potamogeton  lucens. 
Pinus  resinosa  was  noticed  frequently,  growing  with  common  pine,  and  near 
the  center  of  Clare  county  it  became  more  abundant,  forming  groups.  Single 
individuals  stretch  upwards  150-160  feet,  their  clean,  copper-colored  boles  often 
rising  100  feet  to  the  first  limbs. 

The  flora  of  the  deep  pine  woods  is  interesting,  though  rather  monotonous. 
Very  little  undergrowth  is  found,  and  their  gloomy  recesses  nourish  only  such 
plants  as  love  thick  shade.  Here  the  club-mosses  {Lycopodiums)  find  a  con- 
genial home,  and  flourish  luxuriantly,  while  Clintonia  borealis covers  the  ground. 
The  great  round-leaved  orchid  {Habenaria  orbiculata),  with  its  tall,  greenish 
spike  and  twin  leaves  close  to  the  earth,  is  also  frequent  and  striking.  "We 
shall  also  meet  Mitchella  repens,  Smilacina  bifolia,  Trillium  grandiflorum,  per- 
haps, and  a  few  ferns,  particularly  Asplenium  Filix-fcemina,  and  Pliegopleris 
Dryopteris.  Other  species  occur,  of  course,  but  not  so  abundantly.  In  more 
open  places,  and  on  ridges,  we  meet  Rhus  aromatica  and  Comptonia  along  with 
wintergreen  (GauUheria)  and  trailing  arbutus  {Epigea),  and  are  of  ten  fortunate 
enough  to  find  the  wax-white,  fragrant  flower  of  Moneses  uniflora,  or  Poly  gala 
paucifolia,  hiding  its  shining  leaves  under  a  wealth  of  showy  pink  blossoms. 

The  floral  treasures  of  the  pine  region  lie,  however,  in  its  swamps  and  lake 
borders  rather  than  in  the  deep  woods.  Therein  grows  Linnea  borealis  in  all  its 
delicate  beauty,  carpeting  the  ground,  and  close  at  hand,  the  odd,  brown-purple 
flower  of  Cypripedium  acaule  and  the  small  yellow  blossom  of  its  water-loving 
relative  C.  iwrvijlorum.  In  such  swamps,  or  within  a  stone's  throw  of  them, 
may  be  found  many  other  plants  of  equal  interest,  such  as  Medeola  Virginica, 
Ledum  latifolium,  Andromeda  polifolia,  Kalmia  glauca,  Lonicera  oblongifolia, 
Cardamine  pratensis,  Gerardia  aspera,  Mitella  nuda,  Erio2)liorum  vaginatum, 
etc.  On  lake  margins  we  shall  find  Lysimachia  and  the  blue  Pontederia  and 
more  rarely,  Nesma  and  Eleocharis  quadrangulata.  The  lake  itself,  most  likely, 
will  be  full  of  ISymplma,  Nuphar,  Utricularias,  and  a  world  of  Potamagctuns 
and  similar  water  weeds.  Shrubby  Vacciniums  line  the  bluffs,  and  here  and 
there  gleam  the  white  trunks  of  paper  birches  against  the  dark  background  of 
pines. 

In  the  thick-pine  country,  where  the  lumberman's  axe  has  let  in  the  sun- 
light, new  plants  spring  up  freely.  Here,  Prunus  Pennsylvanica  and  poplars 
are  frequent,  and  the  blackberry  is  omnipresent.  Aralia  hispida  and  PJiy- 
salis pubescens  are  also  peculiar  to  such  land,  and  in  August  Gnaphalium 
decurrens  may  be  seen  whitening  thousands  of  acres. 

One  seldom  beholds  a  drearier  sight  than  a  dead  and  deserted  lumber 
region.  The  valuable  trees  were  all  felled  years  ago,  and  the  lumberman 
moved  on  to  fresh  spoils,  leaving  behind  an  inextricably  confused  mass  of 
tree  tops,  broken  logs,  and  uprooted   trunks.      Blackberry  canes  spring  up 


8  MICHIGAN  FLORA. 

everywhere,  forming  a  tangled  thicket,  and  a  few  scattering  poplars,  birches, 
and  cherries  serve  for  arboreal  life,  above  which  tower  the  dead  pines,  bleached 
in  the  weather  and  blackened  by  fire,  destitute  of  limbs,  and  looking  at  a 
distance  not  unlike  the  masts  of  some  great  harbor.  Thousands  of  such  acres, 
repellant  alike  to  botanist  and  settler,  can  be  seen  in  any  of  our  northern 
counties. 

In  certain  districts  considerable  beech  is  found  associated  with  the  pine. 
The  soil  of  such  tracts  is  usually  of  better  quality,  and  can  be  rendered  pro- 
ductive without  much  labor.  It  may  be  noted  that  in  such  cases  the  pine 
also  grows  thriftier  and  makes  better  lumber. 

Sections  of  this  and  the  Traverse  region  of  Michigan  are  still  sparsely  set- 
tled, or  not  at  all,  and  have  been  visited  rarely  by  botanists.  Consequently, 
we  may  expect  many  additions  to  our  flora,  as  well  as  corrections,  when  this 
region  is  as  thoroughly  known  as  the  south  half  of  the  State  now  is;  our 
ignorance,  rather  than  nature's  parsimony,  explaining  why  we  have  so  few 
species  credited  to  us.  The  most  promising  field  for  the  botanist  evidently 
lies  in  the  Houghton  Lake  region  and  northward,  and  in  the  Upper  Peninsula, 
many  parts  of  the  interior  of  which  are  botanically  unknown. 

Our  flora,  as  here  presented,  contains  in  all  113  families  (orders)  and  1,634 
species.  The  composites  claim  the  largest  number  of  species,  L82 — about  one- 
ninth  of  all.  Sedges  follow  with  176  species;  grasses,  139;  rosacese,  61; 
ferns,  56 ;  leguminosaa,  55 ;  figworts,  46  ;  mints,  40 ;  mustard  and  crowfoot, 
39  each ;  heath  family,  35,  and  umbelliferse,  27.  We  have  165  trees  and 
shrubs,  about  20  of  which  are  valuable  timber  trees.  At  least  40  of  our  trees 
and  shrubs  are  worthy  of  cultivation  for  ornament.  Sugar  maples  and  elms 
are  commonly  planted,  while  the  tulip  tree,  basswood,  Kentucky  coffee  tree, 
black  walnut,  and  butternut,  among  deciduous  trees,  and  hemlock,  white  pine, 
black  spruce,  arbor  vitae,  and  red  cedar,  among  evergreens,  deserve  more  atten- 
tion. About  20  species  of  woody  and  herbaceous  native  climbers  are  frequent, 
and  some  are  worthy  of  cultivation,  (see  State  Pomological  Report  of  '  79  for 
a  list.)  Ninety  medicinal  plants  are  admitted  into  the  U.  S.  Pharmacopoeia, 
45  belonging  to  the  primary  list,  and  an  equal  number  to  the  secondary,  while 
a  number  of  others  deserve  attention  at  the  hands  of  Pharmacists.  (See 
papers  previously  noted.) 

It  may  be  stated  in  conclusion  that,  in  the  preparation  of  this  catalogue, 
we  have  spared  no  pains  to  make  it  thoroughly  reliable,  a  majority  of  the 
species  enumerated  having  passed  through  our  hands,  and  the  remainder  being 
admitted  only  on  good  authority.  We  have  preferred  to  make  a  useful  rather 
than  a  large  catalogue,  and,  on  this  ground,  we  have  rejected  a  number  of 
species,  some  of  which  may  yet  make  good  their  claim  to  be  considered  as 
part  of  our  flora.  We  cannot  hope  to  have  escaped  all  errors,  and  crave 
charitable  judgment  for  any  such  the  kind  reader  may  discover,  trusting  that 
they  may  be  found  errors  of  omission  rather  than  of  commission. 

In  our  arrangement  of  orders,  we  have  preferred,  as  more  convenient,  to 
follow  the  5th  edition  of  Gray's  Manual  rather  than  later  works.  The  vexa- 
tious subject  of  synonomy  has  received  considerable  attention,  and  will,  we 
believe,  be  found  brought  down  nearly  to  date.  Further  observations  will 
be  published  from  time  to  time  in  the  form  of  addenda,  towards  increase  of 
which  we  solicit  correspondence  and  contributions  from  all  parts  of  the  State. 

Ionia,  Mich.,  January  30,  IS 81. 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


CATALOGUE. 

Range  of  species  north  or  south,  when  known,  has  been  indicated  by  the  following  abbrevia- 
tions in  bold  type  at  the  right  :  S.— 1st,  2d,  and  3d  tier  of  counties.  C— From  3d  tier  of  counties 
northward  to  Houghton  Lake  region.  N.— Remainder  of  the  Lower  Peninsula.  L.  P.— Lower 
Peninsula.  U.  P.— Upper  Peninsula.  Th.— Whole  State  so  far  as  known.  In  a  few  instances  S.  E. 
and  S.  W.  have  been  used,  indicating  the  southeastern  and  southwestern  slope  of  the  Lower 
Peninsula.  In  case  of  rare  or  local  species,  we  have  given  all  the  localities  known,  but  for  more 
common  ones  have  usually  indicated  only  the  range  and  relative  frequency.  Throughout  the  cat. 
alogue:  H.  refers  to  Hubbardston,  situated  on  Fish  Creek,  in  the  extreme  northeastern  part  of 
Ionia  Co. ;  Flint,— Dr.  Clarke's  List;  Macomb  Co.,— Dr.  Cooley's  MS.  Cat.;  So.  Haven,— L.  H.  Bailey's 
List;  Kalamazoo,— F.  H.  Tuthill;  Detroit,— Dr.  A.  B.  Lyons.  Other  abbreviations  of  this  nature 
as  Winch.  Cat.,  Wr.  Cat.,  Allmend.  Cat.,  etc.,  will  be  readily  understood  from  the  preface.  The 
(.!)  used  after  rare  or  local  species  indicates  that  we  have  collected  the  plant  in  the  locality 
given,  or  have  received  it  from  others.  A  mark  of  doubt  (?)  follows  a  few  species  which  we  have 
introduced  with  some  hesitation  and  on  the  authority  of  others.  In  most  cases  such  species 
have  been  dropped  altogether.  Medicinal  plants  have  been  indicated  by  asterisks  as  follows: 
Those  belonging  to  the  Primary  List  of  the  U.  S.  Pharmacopoeia  (*) ;  Secondary  List  (**);  not  offi- 
cinal but  in  use,  or  worthy  of  trial  (***).  Introduced  species  are  given  in  Italics,  and  are  chiefly 
weeds  from  the  Old  World. 


RANU^CULACE^E. 


Virgin's 
Bower. 


Small-flow- 
ered A. 

Long-fruited 
A. 

Virginian  A. 
Many-cleft  A. 


Pennsylva- 
nian  Anem- 
one. 


Wind  Flower, 
Wood  Anem- 
one. 

Liverleaf. 

Acute-lobed 

Hepatica. 

Liverleaf. 

Round-lobed 

Hepatica. 


Rue  Anem- 
one. 


(Crowfoot   Family.) 
CLEMATIS 

1.  Virginiana,   L.     (***) 


Th. 


Sometimes  cultivated  as  a  climber.    The  plumose  white  fruit  ornamental. 

Common. 


ANEMONE 

2.  parviflora,  Mx. 

Dr.  Lyons;  Asa  Gray. 

3.  cylindrica,  Gray. 

4.  Virginian  a,  L. 
5. 


U.  P. 
L.  P. 

Infrequent. 

Th. 

Frequent. 


mnltifida,  Poir. 

MackinaAV,— Whitney  Cat.;  mouth  of  Saginaw  R. 

Winchell  Cat. ;  Lake  Superior,— Gray.  Rare. 

6.  dichotorna,  L.  Th. 

On  low  ground  along  streams,  and  worthy  of  cultivation.  The  handsome, 
white  flowers  are  sometimes  over  two-inches  in  diameter,  and  the  size 
could  probably  be  increased  by  cultivation.  Common. 

?.  nemorosa,  L.     (***)  Th. 

Early  and  very  pretty.    Flowers  sometimes  bright  rose  color.    Common. 

8.  acutiloba,  Lawson.  S.  0.  &  N.  (?) 

This  species  is  very  common  on  beech  and  maple  land,  while  A.  Jlcpulica 
prefers  oak  soil.    No  transition  forms  have  been  seen. 

9.  Hepatica,  L.  Th. 

Less  frequent  than  the  preceding,  at  least  in  the  center. 
THALICTRUM 

10.  anemonoides,  Mx.  S.  &  0. 

Quite  local  through  the  center.  Flowers  very  pretty,  white,  sometimes 
pink.    Found  usually  on  oak  soil. 

2 


10 


MICHIGAN  FLOE  A. 


Early  Mead- 
ow  Rue. 


Purplish  M. 
Rue. 


Tall  M.  Rue. 


Stiff  Water 
Crowfoot. 


White  Water 
Crowfoot. 


11.  dioicum,  L 

Early, 


Th. 


Worth  cultivating  for  its  delicate,  glaucous-green  foliage. 

Common. 

12.  purpurascens,  L.  Th. 

The  flowers  vary  from  white  to  deep  purple,  the  fertile  ones  occasionally 
bearing  stamens  as  in  the  next.    Wet  meadows.  Common. 

13.  Cornuti,  L.  Th. 

Often  confounded  with  the  preceding.  Frequent. 

RANUNCULUS 

14.  aquatilis,  L.,  var.  stagnatilis,  DO.  Th. 

Bear  River,  Petoskey— E.  J.  Hill;  Ann  Arbor— Allmendinger  Cat.;  Huron 
R.— Lyons;  etc. 

15.  aquatilis,  L.,  var.  trichophyllus,  Chaix. 


Yellow  Water 
Crowfoot. 


W.  Plantain 
Spearwort. 

Creeping 
Spearwort. 

Early  Crow- 
foot. 

Spring  Crow- 
foot. 

Small-flow- 
ered C. 


Cursed  C. 

Hooked  C. 
Bristly  C. 
Early  C. 

Creeping  C. 
Butter-cups. 


Isopyrum. 
False  Rue 
Anomone. 


Marsh  Mari- 
gold. 


Infrequent. 

Th. 

Common. 

16.  multifidus,  Ph.  Th. 

Flowers  an  inch  and  three-eighths  in  diameter  and  full— double  have  been 
seen.    Ponds  and  slow  streams.  Very  common. 

17.  multifidus,  Ph.,  var.  terrestris,  Gr. 

Ann  Arbor,— Miss  Clark. 

18.  ambigens,  Watson. 

Dr.  Lyons.    Not  observed  in  C.  &S. 

19.  flammula,  L.,  var.  reptans,  Meyer.  Th. 

Infrequent  except  northward,  and  not  seen  in  the  center  of  the  State. 

20.  rhomboideus,  Goldie.  Th. 

On  light  sand;  our  earliest  spring  flower.    Muir  and  Palo  in  Ionia  county 
(!);    Lake  Superior.— Can.  Cat.    "  Prairies,  Mich."— Gray. 

abortivus,  L. 


21. 

22. 

23. 

24. 


abortivus,  L.,  var.  niicranthus,  Gr. 
sceleratus,  L.     (***) 


Rare. 

Th. 

Common. 

Th. 
Th. 

Ditches  and  low  ground.    Exceedingly  variable,  stems  sometimes  two 
inches  in  diameter.  Frequent. 

Th. 

Common. 

Th. 

Frequent. 

Th. 

Flowers  sometimes  double,  or 
idy  plain 
Common. 

Th. 

Very  common. 

Th. 


recurvatus,  Poir. 

Woods  in  rich  soil. 

25.  Pennsylvanicus,  L. 

26.  fascicularis,  Muhl. 


Pretty  and  worth  trying  in  the  garden, 
with  reversion  of  essential  organs  to  leaves.    Hills  and  sandy  plains 


27.  repens,  L. 

Wet  places. 

28.  acris.  L.     (***) 


Classed  by  Hooker  f.  as  indigenous,"— Watson.     So.  Haven;  Macomb 
Co.;  Flint;  Huron  shore— Winch.  Cat.;  and  Lake  Superior. 

Infrequent. 


ISOPYKUM 

29.  biternatum,  T.  &  Gr.     (***) 


0.  &S. 


Early  and  pretty.  Often  mistaken  for  Rue  Anemone,  from  which  the 
latter  is  easily  distinguished  by  its  dahlia-like  roots.  Very  common  on 
"  beech  and  maple  "  land,  but  not  on  oak. 


CALTHA 

30.  palustris,  L. 

In   swamps, 
greens. 


Th. 

Frequently   called  "Cowslip,"   and  eaten  in    spring   for 

Very  common. 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


11 


Globe-flower. 


Goldthread. 


Wild  Colum- 
bine. 


Tall  Lark- 
spur. 


Yellow  Puc- 
coon.  Orange- 
root.     Golden 
Seal. 


White  Bane- 
berry. 

Red  Bane- 
berry. 


TROLLIUS 

31.  laxus,  Salisb. 

"Deep  swamps,  Mich."— Gray.  Very  rare. 

COPTIS 

32.  trifolia,  Salisb.     (*)  Th. 

Bogs  and  coniferous  woods.  Common. 

AQUILEGIA 

33.  Canadensis,  L.  Th. 

A  stately  plant,  desirable  for  cultivation  on  account  of  its  large,  scarlet 
and  yellow  flowers.  Common. 

DELPHINIUM 

34.  exaltatum,  Ait.     (***)  S. 

"  Michigan  and  southward."— Gray.    S.  Michigan  is  probably  the  northern 
limit  of  this  species  east  of  the  Mississippi.  Rare. 

HYDRASTIS 

35.  Canadensis,  L.     (*)  C.  &  S. 

Rich,  moist  woods.    Rather  local. 
ACT^EA 

36.  alba,  Bigelow 


Moist  woods  and  hillsides. 

37.  spicata,  L.,  var.  rubra,  Aiton. 

Less  frequent  than  the  preceding. 


Th. 

Abundant. 
Berries  of  both  are  ornamental. 


Black  Snake- 
root. 
BlackCohosh. 


Fennel- 
flower. 


C1MICIFUGA 

38.  racemosa,  Nutt.     (*) 


S. 


S.   E.— Winch.  Cat.;  U.  P.— Burt.     (?).    Rare  in  Michigan,  and  probably 
does  not  get  much  beyond  Northern  Ohio. 

NIGELLA 

39.  Damascena,  L.     (***) 

Escaped  from  gardens.  Infrequent. 


White-wood. 
Tulip-tree. 


MAGNOLIACEjE. 

( Magnolia  Fam ily. ) 


LIRIODENDRON 

40.  Tulipifera,  L.     (**) 


C.  &  S. 


A  medium  sized  tree,  frequent  at  Ionia  (!),  Saranac  (!),  Lansing  (!),  and 
southward,  but  not  seen  north  of  Grand  river  valley.  This  is  one  of  our 
finest  native  trees,  valuable  alike  for  lumber  and  ornamental  purposes. 
Formerly  common  but  becoming  Infrequent. 


Pawpaw. 


ANONACE^E. 

(  Custard- Apple  Fam  ily . ) 


ASIMINA 

41.  triloba,  Dunal.     (***) 


C.  &  S. 


A  low  tree,  fruit  scarcely  edible.  Abundant  in  the  valleys  of  Grand  and 
Maple  rivers,  where  it  probably  reaches  its  N.  limit.  Common  south- 
ward. 


Moonseed. 


MENISPERMACE^E. 

( Moonseed  Fam  ily . ) 


MENISPERMUM 

42.  Canadense,  L.     (***) 

vVoods  and  moist  thickets. 


c.  &  s. 

Common. 


12 


MICHIGAN  FLOKA. 


Common  Bar- 
berry. 


Blue  Cohosh. 


Twin-leaf. 
Rheumatism- 
root. 


Mandrake. 
May-apple. 


BERBERIDACEiE. 

(Barberry  Family.) 

BERBERIS 

43.  vulgaris,  L.    (**) 

Flint,  etc. 
CAULOPHYLLUM 

44.  thalictroides,  Mx.     (***) 

Commmon  in  L.  P. 
JEFFERSONLA 

45.  diphylla,  Persoon. 

An  early  spring  plant, 
ous  biparted  leaves. 

PODOPHYLLUM 

46.  peltatum,  L.     (*) 

Roots  drastic,  an  article  of  commerce. 


Rare. 


Th. 


#**> 


0.  &S. 


Worth  cultivating  for  its  white  flowers  and  curi- 

Infrequent. 


0.  &s. 

Ripe  fruit  often  eaten. 

Very  common. 


Water-shield. 


Rattle-box. 
Yellow  Nel- 
umbo. 

Water  Chinq- 
uepin. 


Sweet-scented 
Water-Lily. 


White  Water- 
Lily. 


NYMPH^EACE^E. 
(  Water-Lily  Family. ) 

BRASENIA 

4?.  peltata,  Pursh.  0.  &  S. 

Greenville  (!),  Ionia  (!),  Lansing  (!),  Ann  Arbor,  etc.  Infrequent. 

NELUMBIUM 

48.  luteum,  Willd.  S. 

River  Rouge,  south  of  Detroit;  Indian  Lake,  12  miles  southeast  of  Kala- 
mazoo; Monroe  county,  where  it  is  abundant;  and  probably  in  other 
places.    Seems  to  be  indigenous.  Local. 

NYMPBL^A 

49.  odorata,  Aiton. 


/***\ 


Said  to  grow  at  Ann  Arbor— Allmend.  Cat.— and  in  Lake  Superior  region, 
but  the  next  has  probably  been  mistaken  for  it,  unless  the  two  run 
together. 

50.  tuberosa,  Paine.     (***)  0.  &  S. 

In  all  our  ponds  and  slow  streams.  Flowers  large  and  delicately  beauti. 
ful,  fragrant;  often  used  for  decorating  in  connection  with  evergreens. 
Easily  propagated  from  the  tubers,  and  desirable  for  large  aquariums 
in  grounds.  Common. 


Spatter  Dock. 
Yellow  Pond. 
Lily. 

Small  Yellow 
Pond  Lilly. 


NUPHAR 

51.  advena,  Aiton.     (! 


Th. 


In  company  with  water-lilies,  but  always  a  dirty  plant— seeming  to  de- 
light in  filth. 


52.  puinilum,  Smith. 

"Sag.  Bay  &  S.  W."— Winch.  Cat. 


Common. 

0.  &s. 

Infrequent. 


SARRAOENIAOEiE. 

{Pitcher -Plants.) 


SARKACENIA 

Pitcher  Plant.      53,  purpurea,  L.     (***) 

Common  in  sphagnous  swamps, 
always  attracts  attention  as  a 
the  neighborhood  be  full  of  it. 


Can  be  grown  in  the  house,  where  It 
curiosity,"  though  all  the  swamps  in 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


13 


Mexican 
Poppy. 
Prickly  P. 


Celandine. 


Common 
Poppy. 


Blood-root. 


Yellow 
Poppy. 
Celandine 
Poppy. 


PAPAVERACE^E. 
(Pojipy  Family.) 
ARGEMONE 

54.  Mexicans  L.     (***) 
CHELIDONIUM 

55.  majus9  L.     (***j 
PAPAVER 

56*  somniferum,  L.     (*) 

These  three  plants  occur  in  some  localities,  but  are  scarcely  well  enough 
established  to  deserve  mention. 

SANGUINARIA 

5?.  Canadensis,  L.     (*)  Th. 

The  white  flowers  appear  in  early  spring,  and  are  sometimes  2)4  inches  in 
diameter.    Does  well  in  gardens,  and  is  pretty.  Common. 

STYLOPHORUM 

58.  diphyllum,  Nutt.     (***)  0.  &  S. 

Rich  woods  in  Oceana,  Ionia,  Clinton,  Ingham,  and  other  counties.  Flower 
orange-yellow,  over  two  inches  in  diameter.  Deserves  a  place  in  the 
garden.  Rare  or  Local. 


FUMARIAOE^E. 

{Fumitory  Family.) 


Climbing 
Fumitory. 


Golden 
Corydalis. 


Pale  C. 


Squirrel  Corn. 

Dutchman's 
Breeches 


ADLUMIA. 

59.  cirrhosa,  Raf. 


0.  &S. 


Hemlock  woods  in  vicinity  of  Houghton  Lake;  Grand  Rapids,— Miss  Clark 
So.  Haven;  etc. ;  also  in  cultivation.  Not.  com. 

CORYDALIS. 

60.  aurea,  Willd.  Th. 

Not  noticed  in  the  center  of  the  L.  P.,  where  the  next  is  also  rare;   fre- 
quent northward;  in  the  U.  P.,  common. 

61.  glauca,  Pursh.  Th. 

Grand  Haven(!);  Clare  Co.(!);  L.  Sup.,  etc.  Infrequent  except  northward. 
DICENTRA. 

62.  Canadensis,  DC.  (***)  C.  &  S. 

63.  cucullaria,  DC.  (***)  C.  &  S. 

Both  sp.  common. 


Alyssum. 

Rock  Cress. 
Rock  C. 
Rock  C. 


CRUCIFER^E. 
( Mustard  Fam ily.) 

ALYSSUM. 

64.  calycinum,  L.  C.  &  S. 

Hubbardston  (!);  Ionia(!);  Flint;  Lansing(J),  etc;  a  recently  Introduced 

plane,   becoming  common  in  many  localities.     Door-yards  and  waste 
places. 

ARABIS. 

65.  dentata,  T.  &  Gr.  C  &  S. 

Low  lands  along  Grand  R.  (!)  and  southward.  Not  common. 

66.  lyrata,  L.  Th. 

So.  Haven;  Flint;  Retoskey(!);  U.  P.- Whitney  Cat.  Infrequent. 

67.  petraea,  Lam.  Th. 

Isle  Royal— Gillman;  Mackinac;  Macomb  Co.;  Gd.  Haven;  etc. 

Infrequent. 


14 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


Hairy  Rock 
C. 

Smooth  Rock 
C. 

Canada  Cress. 
Sickle-Pod. 

Tower  Mus- 
tard. 

Drumraond's 
M. 


Yellow  Rock- 
et.   Winter 
Cress. 


68.  hirsuta,  Scop. 

69.  laevigata,  Poir. 

70.  Canadensis,  L. 

Fields  and  rocky  woods. 

71.  perfoliata,  Lara. 

72.  Drumraondii,  Gr. 

Hubbardston(!);  Flint;  Macomb  Co. ;  etc.    Dry  banks. 
BARBAREA 

73.  vulgaris,  R.  Br. 


Th. 

Frequent. 

Th. 

Infrequent. 

c.  &s. 

Common. 

Th. 

Not  rare. 

Th. 

Not  com. 

Th. 


So.  Haven;  Ann  Arbor— Allmendinger  Cat.;  Macomb  Co.;  Hubbardston(J); 
and  N.  into  the  U.  P.,  where  it  is  indigenous  and  frequent. 


White  Mus. 
tard. 


Charlock. 


Black  Mus- 
tard. 


Sea  Rocket. 


Shepherd's 
Purse. 


Spring  Cress. 


BRASSICA 

74.  alba,  Gr.     (*) 

75.  Sinapistrum,  Boiss. 

76.  nigra,  Koch.     (*) 

CAKILE 

77.  Americana,  Nutt. 

Shores  of  the  Gr.  Lakes. 
CAPSELLA 

78.  Bursa-pasfcoris,  Moench. 

The  commonest  of  weeds. 
CARDAMINE 


/-***  \ 


c.  &s. 

Infrequent. 

Th. 

Not  com. 

0.  &s. 

Common. 

Th. 

Common. 

Th. 


Purple  Spring 
C. 

Cuckoo 
Flower. 


Small  Bitter 
Cress. 


Woodland  B. 
C. 


Crinkle-root. 
Pepper-root. 


Tooth-wort. 


Whitlow- 
grass. 

Whitlow- 
grass. 


Whitlow- 
grass. 


Whitlow, 
grass. 


79. 

rhomboidea,  DC. 

Th. 

Common. 

80. 

purpurea,  Cham.  &  Schlecht. 

Th. 

An  early  spring  .flower. 

Common. 

81. 

pratensis,  L.     ('***) 

Bogs.    Rare  S.,  frequent  in  C,  and  common  N. 

Th. 

82. 

hirsuta,  L. 

Th. 

Common. 

83. 

hirsuta,  L.,  var.  sylvatica,  Gr. 

c.&s. 

Ann  Arbor,— Winch.  Cat.;  and  Flint. 

Infrequent 

DENTARIA 

84. 

diphylla,  Mx.     (***) 

Th. 

Common. 

85. 

laciniata,  Muhl. 

c.  &s. 

DRAI 

Probably  occurs  farther  north  if  not  throughout. 
JA 

Common. 

86. 

arabisans,  Mx. 

Th. 

Shores  of  the  Gr.  Lakes. 

Infrequent. 

87. 

nemorosa,  L. 

Th. 

"Fort  Gratiot  and  northwestward,"— Gray.    Collected  by  Dr.  Pitcher. 

Infrequent. 

88. 

Carolinian  a,  Walt. 

c.  &s. 

Ionia  Co.  (!),  and  southward. 

Rare. 

89. 

verna,  L. 

IS. 

Dr.  Lyons. 

Rare. 

MICHIGAN"  FLORA.  15 

LEPIDIUM 
wild  Pepper-      90>  Virginicum,  L.  Th, 

Wild  p.-grass.      91.  intermedium,  Gr.  Th. 

This  and  the  preceding  are  both  very  common  in  fields  and  waste  places, 
but  usually  not  together. 

Pepper-wort.       92.  campestre,  R.  Br.  S.  E. 

Macomb  Co.,  ana  Detroit.  Infrequent. 

NASTURTIUM 
True  water-        93.  officinale,  R.  Br.     (***)  C.  &  S. 

Ionia(!);  Ann  Arbor;  South  Haven;  etc.  Frequent  in  brooks. 

Marsh  cress.         94.  palustre,  DC.     (***)  Th. 

Frequent. 

Hairy  m.  cress.        95.  palustre,  DC,  var.  hispidum,  Fisch.  &  Mey.  Th. 

Lake  cress.         96.  lacustre,  Gr.  C.  &  S. 

From  Fish  Cr.  (!)  and  Maple  R.  (!)  southward.  Frequent. 

Horseradish.        97.  Armor  acia,  Fries.     (***) 

Used  in  spring  as  a  condiment.    Escaped  from  gardens  into  waste  places. 

Frequent. 

SISYMBRIUM 

Hedge  Mus-         98.  officinale,  Scop.     (***) 

Road-sides  and  wet  places.  Frequent. 

Mouse-ear  99.   Thaliam,  Gay.  C.  &  S. 

In  light  sand;  generally  mistaken  for  Arabis  lyrata.  Common. 

Tansy  Mus-         100.  canescens,  Nutt.  Th. 

tard. 

Shores  of  Gr.  Lakes,  etc.    Pitcher,  Houghton,  Winchell,  eU  al. 

Infrequent. 

CAMELINA 
False  Flax.  ioi.  sativa,  Crantz.  C.  &  S. 

Road. sides  and  waste  places.    Flint;  Ann  Arbor;  Macomb  Co. ;  etc. 

Not  common. 

THALASPI 

Penny  cress.       102.  arvense,  L.  S.  E. 

Ann  Arbor— Allmend  Cat.;  "Shores  of  Lake  Huron."— Gray.  Rare. 

CAPARIDACEJE. 

(Caper  Family.) 

POLANIS1A 

Poionisia.  103.  graveolens,  Raf.  S. 

Shores  of  Gr.  Lakes;  South  Haven;  Detroit(!);  Put-in  Bay  (!),  etc. 

Not  rare. 

VIOLACEJE. 

(Violet  Family.) 

IONIDIUM 

Green  violet.       104.  concolor,  Benth.  &  Hook.  0.  &  S. 

Hubbardston(l);  Lansing— Real;  Ann  Arbor,— Allm.  Cat.;  etc. 

Scarce  and  local. 

VIOLA 

Round-leaved       105.    rotimdifolia,  Mx.  U.  P- 

Sugar  Island— Winch.  Cat.;  Michigan— Gray. 

SSS&&M      1°G-  Selkirk!!,  Pamh.  U.  P. 

V.  Gillman,  Gray,  el  al.    A  high  northern  plant. 


16 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


Sweet  White 
V. 

Lance-leaved 
V. 

Common  Blue 
V. 

Hard-leaf  V. 

Arrow-leaved 
V. 

Larkspur  V. 

Bird-foot  V. 


Dog  Violet. 


Long-spurred 
V. 


107.  blanda,  Willd. 

108.  lanceolata,  L. 

Koscommon  Co.(!);  L.  Sup.;  etc. 

109.  cucullata,  Aiton. 

110.  cucullata,  Ait.,  var.  palmata,  Gr. 

Frequent  on  hills  about  Ionia.(!) 

111.  sagittata,  Aiton. 

Rare  in  some  sections,  common  in  others. 

112.  delphinifolia,  Nutt.(?) 

113.  pedata,  L.     (**) 


Th. 

Common  and  variable. 
Bare. 

Th. 

Common  and  variable. 


c.  &s. 

s. 

Th. 


Common  on  light  sand,  our  finest  species.    Does  nicely  in  cultivation  and 
deserves  attention.    The  flowers  are  light  blue,  or  very  rarely    pure 

"Bi" 


white,  and  are  very  pretty,  being  often  \%  in.  in  diameter.  N.  to 


PaleV. 


Canada  V. 


Downy 
Yellow  V. 

Hairy  Yellow 

V. 

Wooly-fruited 

V. 

Smoother 

Y.  V. 


eingot 
ish  Am.,  lat.  55°."— Torr.  &  Gr.,  Fl.  N.  Aj 

114.  canina,  L.,  var.  sylvestris,  Kegel 

115.  rostrata,  Muhl. 

Well  distributed  and  frequent. 

116.  striata,  Aiton. 


Srit- 


Th. 

Common. 

0.  &s. 


c.  &s. 

Common. 

117.  Canadensis,  L.  Th. 

Abundant  on  "beech  and  maple"  land,  but  seldom,  or  never,  under  oaks. 

Th. 

Common. 

Th. 

Common. 

c.  &s. 

Infr. 


118.  pubescens,  Aiton. 

119.  pubescens,  Ait.,  var.  eriocarpa,  Nutt. 


Frost-weed. 
Frost-wort. 


Hudsonia. 


Pinweed. 


120.  glabella,  Nutt. 

Hubbardston(I);  etc. 

CISTACE^E. 

{Rock-rose  Family.) 
HELIANTHEMUM 

121.  Canadense,  Mx.     (**) 

HUDSONIA 

122.  tomentosa,  Nutt. 


Th. 

Frequent. 

Th. 


'Shores  of  Gr.  Lakes."— Gray;  S.  Mich.— Winch.  Cat.;  L.  Sup.-Can.  Cat. 

Infr. 


LECHEA 

123.  major,  Mx. 

Common  on  poor  soil 


0.  &s. 


Bound-leaved 
Sundew. 


Sundew. 


Slender  S. 


DROSERACEJS. 

(Sundeiv  Family.) 
DROSERA 

124.  rotundifolia,  L.     (***) 

In  sphagnous  swamps.    An  insectivorous  plant. 

125.  intermedia,  Drev.  &  Hayne,  var.  Americana,  DC.       Th 

S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat.;  Ann  Arbor-Allmend.  Cat.;  L.  Sup.-Can.  Cat. 

126.  linearis,  Goldie. 

Dr.  Lyons;  L.  Sup.-Can.  Cat. 


Th. 

Common. 


Infrequent. 

U.  P. 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


1? 


Great  St. 
John's-wort. 


HYPERICACEiE. 
(St.  John's-wort  Family.) 

HYPERICUM 

127.  pyramid atum,  Aiton. 


Th. 


Kaim'sst.j.         12Sm  Kalmianum,  L. 


South  Haven;  Ann  Arbor;  Ft.  Gratiot;  Macomb  Co. ;  Ionia  (!);  Stanton  (!); 
Hubbardston(!);  Crystal  Lk.  (!);  Flint;  Ontonagon  River— Whitney  Cat. 
Occurs  at  wide  intervals  and  in  small  patches.  Bare. 

Th. 

-Wright  Cat.;  Fort 


Along  the  lakes;  more  common  northward. 
Gratiot— Winch.  Cat.;  Petoskey  (!);  etc. 


S.  Mich. 


Shrubby  st.  j.      !29.  prolificum,  L. 


Th. 


St.  John's- 
wort. 


Common  St.  J 


St.  John's- 
wort. 


Slender  St.  J. 
Canada  St.  J. 


Marsh  St. 
John's-wort. 


Marsh  St. 
John's-wort. 


Alow,  compact  shrub,  with  a  profusion  of  bright  yellow  blossoms,  from 
July  to  Sept.  Sometimes  cultivated,  and  worthy  of  moro  notice  as  a 
hardy  flowering  shrub.    Frequent  from  C.  southward. 


130.  ellipticum,  Hook. 

Ann  Arbor— Miss  Clark;  L.  Sup.— Gray. 

131.  perforatum,  L.     (***) 

Ionia  (!);  Lansing  (!);  Flint;  etc. 
not  troublesome  in  Michigan. 

132.  corymbosum,  Muhl. 

133.  multilum,  L. 

134.  Canadense,  L. 


Th. 

Infrequent. 

C.  &  8. 

A  bad  weed  in  the  Eastern  States,  but 
Infrequent. 

Th. 

Common. 

Th. 

Abundant. 

Th. 


Ionia  Co.  (!);  Macomb  Co. ;  Flint;  Drummond's  Island— Winch.  Cat. 

Occasional. 


135.  Canadense,  L.,  var.  major,  Gray. 

Flint;  Fruitport  and  Old  Mission.— E.  J.  Hill;  L.  Sup.— Gray. 
ELODES 

136.  Virginica,  Nutt. 

137.  petiolata,  Ph.     (?) 

Grosse  Isle— Miss  Clark  in  Winch.  Cat. 


Th. 


Th. 

Common. 


Bouncing  Bet. 
Soapwort. 


Cow-Herb. 


Starry  Cam- 
pion. 

Wild  Pink. 


Fire  Pink. 
Catchfly. 

Sleepy  Catch- 

fly. 

Night  flower- 
ing C. 


CARYOPHYLLAUE^E. 

(Pink  Family.) 

SAPONARIA 

138.  officinalis,  L.     (***)  L.  P. 

Waste  places  and  roadsides.    Old  Mission— E.  J.  Hill;  and  common  in  C. 


&S. 

139.  vaccaria,  L. 


C.  &S. 

Muir(!);  S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat.;  etc.    Sparingly  introduced. 
SILENE 

140.  stellata,  Aiton.  S. 

Dr.  Wright. 

141.  Penusylvanica,  Mx.(?)  S. 

Mont  Lake— Miss  Clark  in  Winch.  Cat.    We  have  specimens  which  were 
sent  from  Springfield,  O.,  and  the  plant  may  grow  in  Mich. 


142.  Virginica,  L. 

WinchellCat. 

143.  antirrhina,  L. 

144.  nocii flora,  L. 


Th. 

Common. 

c.  &  s. 

Common. 


18 


MICHIGAN  FLOKA. 


LYCHNIS 

Corncockle.  145.    Gitliago,  L.  L-  P. 

In  wheat-fields,  but  easily  eradicated  by  sowing  clean  seed-wheat. 

Common. 

ARENARIA 

Thyme-leaved        146.    SWpi/Uifolici,  L.  Th. 

Sandy  fields.    Not  well  distributed,  but  in  places  very  common. 

147.  stricta,  Mx.  Th. 

S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat. ;  Macomb  Co. ;  Montcalm  Co.  (1) ;  L.  Sup.— Can.  Cat. 

Infrequent. 

148.  lateriflora,  L.  Th. 

Gray,  in  "Flora  X.  Am.' 


Sandwort. 


Strict  Sand- 
wort. 


Showy  Sand 
wort. 


From  lat.  40°  to  the  Arctic  sea,"— Torrey 
Rather  common  in  C,  and  quite  pretty. 


Chickweed. 

Long-eared 
Stitchwort. 

Swamp  S. 
Starwort. 
Northern  S. 


STELLARIA 

149.  media,  Smith. 


Th. 


Gardens  and  fields.  A  very  abundant  and  hardy  little  weed,  which  has 
been  seen  in  blossom  every  month  in  the  year.  In  fact,  even  in  mid- 
winter, a  few  warm  days  are  enough  to  set  it  growing. 


150.  longifolia,  Muhl. 

151.  uliginosa,  Murr. 

Dr.  Lyons. 

152.  crassifolia,  Ehrh. 

Dr.  Lyons. 

153.  borealis,  Bigelow. 


Th. 

Common. 

U.  P. 

Infr. 
Rare. 

U.  P. 


Point  an  Barques,  L.  Huron,  and  Isle  aux  Traine,  L.  Sup.— Gillman;  also, 
Gray  in  Manual,  and  Can.  Cat.  Infrequent. 

Long-staiked        154.  lonsipes,  Goldie,  N.  &  U.  P. 

Stitchwort.  r 

"Gros  Cap,  L.  Mich.,  abundant  in  pure  sand."— Winch.  Cat.  Rare. 


Mouse-ear 
Chickweed. 


Larger 
Mouse-ear  C. 


CERASTIUM 

155.  vulgatum,  L. 

156.  viscosum,  L. 


Nodding m.c.      157,  nutans,  Raf. 


Field 
Chickweed. 


Pearl-wort. 


Corn  Spurry. 


Th. 

Infrequent. 

Th. 

Common. 

Th. 

Macomb  Co.;  Flint;  Lyons(J),  etc.    Found  on  low  grounds  from  Louis- 
iana to  Hudson's  Bay.  Rare. 

158.  arvense,  L.  Th. 

S.  Mich.— Winch.  Cat.;  L.  Sup.— Can.  Cat.  Infrequent. 

SAGINA 

159.  nodosa,  E.  Meyer.  U.  P. 

"L.  Sup.  and  northward."— Gray;  Isle  Royale.— Whitney's  Cat. 
SPERGULA 

160.  arvensis,  L.  0.  &  S. 

Dr.  Wright,  Dr.  Clark.     Some  other   Caryophyllaceous  plants  occur,  as 
Dianthus  sp.,  Silene  Armeria,  etc.,  but  are  not  well  established. 

Adv.  and  rare. 


Forked 
Chickweed. 


PARONYCHIE^E. 

{Whitlow -worts.) 


ANYCHIA 

161.  dichotoma,  Mx. 

Dr.  Wrizht. 


s.  w. 

Infrequent. 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


19 


SCLERANTHUS 
Knawei.  162.  annuus,  L. 

Lansing  (!);  naturalized  on  the  Agrl.  College  grounds. 


Purslane. 

Pustley. 


Spring  Beauty. 
Claytonia. 


PORTTJLACACEuE. 

(Purslane  Family.) 

PORTULACA 

163.  oleracea,  L.     (***) 

Very  tenacious  of  life— a  vile  weed  in  gardoma. 
CLAYTONIA 

164.  Virginica,  L. 

An  early  and  very  pretty  spring  flower. 


Very  com. 

Th. 

Common. 


MALVACEAE. 


Common 
Mallow. 

High  M. 
Curled  M. 

Musk  M. 
Mallow. 

Sida. 


Indian  Mai- 
low  Velvet- 
leaf. 


Swamp  Rose- 
Mallow. 


Bladder  Ket 
mia. 


(Mallow  Family.) 

MALVA 

165.  rotundifolia,  L.     (***) 

166.  sylvestris,  L.    (***) 

167.  crispa,  Gr. 

Dr.  Clark. 

168.  moschata,  L. 

169.  Alcea,  L. 

Lansing (!);  adventive  on  College  grounds. 
SIDA 

170.  Napaea,  Cav. 

Kalamazoo,  R.  R.  track. 
ABUTILON 

171.  Avicennce,  Gcert. 


L.  P. 

Common. 

L.  P. 

Occasional. 
Infrequent. 

L.  P. 

Not  rare. 


s. 

Rare. 

c.  &  s. 


Roadsides  and  river  banks.  Very  common  in  places,  and,  along  with 
Datura  stramonium,  forming  regular  thickets.  Sometimes  cultivated, 
but  rather  to  be  cast  out  as  a  bad  weed. 


HIBISCUS 

172.  Moscheutos,  L. 


C.  &  S. 


Flint;  and  Put-in  Bav,  Lake  Erie.  (!)  This  plant,  Ion*  neglected,  is  worthy 
of  cultivation.  It 'is  four  feet  high,  with  velvety  leaves  and  beautiful 
light  rose-colored  flowers,  six  inches  in  diameter. 


173.   Trionum,  L. 

S.— Dr.  Wright;  Ann  Arbor— Winch.  Cat.;  and  Flint. 


c.  &.  s. 

Bar..'. 


Basswood 
Linden. 


TILIA 

174. 


TILIACEjE. 

(Linden  Family.) 


Americana,  L.  ^-'K 

Abundant  in  C.  &  S.,  common  in  Emmet  Co.  (!),  and  frequent  in  U.  P., 
"especially  in  Ontonagon  Valley. "-Whitney  Cat.  A  valuable  timber 
tree,  often' planted  forornament,  and  murh  Bought  in  flowering  time 
bv  bees  for  its  copious  nectar,  which  makes  the  finest  honey  Basswood 
lumber  le  much  used  in  cabinet  work  for  boxes,  shelves,  fc.,  whenever 
a  wood  is  desired  which  is  soft  and  easily  worked,  and,  at  the  bamo 
time,  tough  and  not  liable  to  split. 


20 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


LINACE^E. 
{Flax  Family.) 

LINUM 

wild  Fiax.  175.  Virginianum,  L. 

Ann  Arbor— Dr.  Lyons;  S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat. 

wild  Flax.  176.  sulcatum,  Riddell. 

Dr.  Wright. 
Common  Flax.        177.    USitttUs Simum ,  L.      (*) 

Dr.  Clark,  and  Dr.  Wright.    Escaped  from  cultivation. 


s. 

Infrequent. 

s. 

Rare. 

c.  &s. 

Infrequent. 


Wild  Cranes- 
bill. 


Carolina  C. 


Small-flow- 
ered C. 


Herb  Robert. 


Storksbill. 


False  Mer- 
maid 


Pale  Touch- 
me-not. 


Spotted  T. 

Balsam. 

Jewel-weed. 

Common 
Wood-sorrel. 


GEKANIACEJE. 

{Geranium  Family.) 

GERANIUM 

178.  maculatum,  L.     (*) 

"Canada  to  Florida."— Torr.  &  Gr.,  Fl.  N.  Am. 

179.  Carolinianum,  L. 

Macomb  Co.;  Clinton  Co.,  etc.    Rare  in  S.  &  C, 
Farwell,  Clare  Co.  (!),  thence  N.  to  L.  Superior 


Violet  W 


Yellow  W. 
Ladies' Sorrel. 


180.  pusillum,  L. 

Flint— Dr.  Clark. 

181.  Robertianum,  L. 


/  *#*  \ 


C.  &S. 

Common. 

Th. 

abundant  in  vicinity  of 


Adventive. 

Th. 


Pnt-in  Bav,  Lake  Erie  (!);  Montcalm  Co.  (!);  Saginaw  Bay;  Mackinac,  and 
Drummond's  Is.— Winch.  Cat. ;  L.  Sup.— Whitney's  Cat.  Common  around 
the  Gr.  Lakes,  but  seldom  seen  in  the  interior. 


ERODIUM 

182.  cicutarium,  I/Her.     (***) 

Oceana  Co.  (!);  Ionia  Co.  (!);  Kalamazoo,  etc. 
weed  in  gardens  and  fields.    Not  yet  common. 

FLCERKEA 

183.  proserpinacoides,  Willd. 

Ionia  (!);  Hubbardston  (!);  Flint,  etc. 


c.  &s. 

Spreads  rapidly— a  bad 


A  delicate,  little  herb  in  damp  woods. 
IMPATIENS 

184.  pallida,  Nutt.     (  ***  ) 

Ionia  Co.  (!);  Sugar  Is.— Winch.  Cat.,  etc 


Not  rare  but  usually  overlooked. 


Macomb  Co. 
the  next. 


185.  fulva,  Nutt 


Th. 

Much  rarer  than 

Th. 


OXALIS 

1S6.  Acetosella,  L. 

Macomb  Co. ;  and  "L.  Sup.  and  northward 

187.  violacea,  L.      (  ***  ) 

Winchell  Cat. 

188.  corniculata,  L.,  var.  stricta,  Sav. 

Marquette  Co.— Burt's  MS.,  etc.,  etc. 


Th. 

—Gray.  Rare  in  S.  Peninsula. 

S.  E. 

Rare. 
(  ***  )  Th. 

Common. 


Prickly  Ash. 

Toothache 

Tree. 


RUTACEjE. 
(line  Family.) 
ZANTHOXYLUM 

189.  American um,  Mill.     (***)  L.  P. 

Everywhere  along  streams   and  on   low  ground.    The  bark  enters  into 
various  "bitters,"  and  is  gathered  in  considrable  quantities  for  export. 


MICHIGAN  FLOKA. 


21 


Hop-tree. 
Shrubby  Tre- 
foil. 
Wafer  Ash. 


PTELEA 

190.  trifoliate,  L.    (***) 


C.  &  S. 


An  interesting  shrub;  sometimes  cultivated.  Very  abundant  on  the  low, 
rocky  islands  in  the  western  end  of  Lake  Erie  (!),  and  frequent  along 
river  banks  and  the  shore  of  the  Gr.  Lakes.  Occurs  in  the  interior  as 
far  north  as  Montcalm  Co.  (!).  Does  not  occur  at  Flint  and  is  not  men 
tioned  in  Dr.  Cooley's  MS.  Cat.,  but  is  given  by  Dr.  Wright. 


ANAOARDIAOEiE. 


(  Cash e  w  Fam  ily . ) 


Staghorn  Su- 
mach. 


Smooth  S. 


DwarfS. 


Poison  S. 
Poison  Dog- 
wood. 


Poison  Ivy. 
Poison  Oak. 


Climbing  P. 
Ivy. 


Fragrant  Su- 
mach. 


KHUS 

191. 

192. 


193. 
194. 

195. 

196. 
197. 


typhina,  L.     (***) 

Seldom  very  large;  1 
the  next  likewise. 

glabra,  L.     (**) 


Seldom  very  large;  less  common  than  the  next, 
the  next  likewise. 


Th. 

Worth  cultivating,  and 

Th. 


Very  common  in  C.and  nearly,  or  quite,  as  large  as  R.  typhina.  The  trunk 
occasionally  5-6  in.  in  diameter.  These  two  species  are  much  alike,  and, 
pubescence  aside,  one  might  easily  be  mistaken  for  the  other.  It  is  no 
stretch  of  imagination  to  believe  such  closely  allied  species,  and  there 
are  many  such,  are  descended  from  a  common  stock.  Indeed,  one  can 
scarcely  believe  otherwise  if  he  studies  plants  extensively. 

copallina,  L.     (**)  C.  &  S. 

Abundant  in  the  pine  country  on  light  soil. 

venenata,  DO.     (***) 

Common  in  swamps  and  poisonous  to  the  touch.  A  low  shrub,  with 
smooth,  grayish  bark,  and  dull,  white  fruit  in  clusters. 

Toxicodendron,  L.     (**)  Th. 

This  is  the  dreaded  "Poison  Ivy."  It  is  inoculous  to  some  persons,  and 
cows  eat  it  with  impunity.  Frequent. 

Toxicodendron,  L.,  var.  radican,  Torr.  Th. 

Tall-climbing,  often  to  tops  of  forest  trees;  stems  frequently  several  in- 
ches in  diameter.    More  abundant  than  the  sp. 

aromatica,  Aiton.     (***)  Th. 

A  low  shrub,  with  bright  red  fruit ;  worthy  of  cultivation.  Less  frequent 
than  other  members  of  the  genus.  Found  chiefly  on  bluffs  and  sandy 
hills  through  the  middle  counties  of  the  L.  P.  "N.  to  Saskatchawan."— 
Torr.  &  Gr.,  Fl.  N.  Am. 


VITAOEiE. 
(Vine  Family.) 


Northern  Fox- 
grape. 


Summer  Grape. 
Frost  Grape. 


Virginia 
Creeper. 
Five-leaf  Ivy. 
American  Ivy. 


VITIS 

198. 

199. 
200. 


Concord,  Isabella,  Catawba,  etc.,  are  seedlings 

Bare. 

c.  &s. 


Labrusca,  L.  C.  &  S. 

Dr.  Clark  and  Dr.  Cooley 
of  this  species. 

aestivalis,  Mx. 

Lyons  (!);  Stanton  (!);  Crystal  Lk.,  Montcalm  Co.  (!);  Flint;  Ann  Arbor.— 
Winch.  Cat.;  S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat.,  etc.  Infrequent  s. 

riparia,  Mx.  Th. 

Common  along  our  rivers;  infrequent  in  the  pine  region,  whore   V.  OStt- 
valis  is  very  abundant.     Flowers  very   fragrant,    ailing  the  air  Witn 

odor.    The  small,  glaucous  fruit  is  sometimes  eaten.      1  ids  cordt/oliu 
apparently  does  not  occur. 


AMPELOPSIS 

201.  quinquefolia,  Mx.     (***) 


Th. 


A  very  desirable  climber,  often  cultivated.     Some  specimens  seem  to 
cling  to  Avails  and  buildings  much  better  than  others.  Common. 


22 


Buckthorn. 


New  Jersey 
Tea* 

Red-root. 
Ceanothus. 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 

RHAMNACE^E. 

(Buckthorn  Family,) 

KHAMNUS 

202.  alnifolia,  I/Her.  Th. 

Common. 
CEANOTHUS 

203.  Americanus,  L.     (***)  Th. 

Sandy  woods,  rarely  on  beach  and  maple  land.  Frequent. 

204.  ovatus,  Desf. 

Dr.  Pitcher;  also,  east  shore  L.  Huron,  E.  Ont.,  and  L.  Sup.— Can.  Cat. 


CELASTRACE^E 


( Staff -tree  Fain  ily . ) 


Celastrns. 
"Wax- work. 
Climbing  Bit- 
ter-sweet. 


Waahoo. 
Burning-Bush. 


Trailing 

Strawberry 

Bush. 


CELASTRUS 

205.  scandens,  L.     (***) 

An  ornamental  climbing 


0.  &s. 


shrub,  the  orange  and  scarlet-arilled  fruit  re- 
maining overwinter.  Easy  to  grow  and  desirable  for  its  autumn  and 
winter  effect.  The  staminate  and  pistillate  flowers  are  on  different 
individuals,  and  this  must  not  be  overlooked  when  specimens  are  taken 
from  the  field  for  cultivation. 

EUONYMUS 

206.  atropurpureus,  Jacq.  C.  &  S. 

Low  river-banks.  Well  distributed,  but  nowhere  very  common.  Worthy 
of  cultivation.  Bark  of  shrub  and  roots  gathered  for  the  drug  trade— 
an  ingredient  of  various  tonic  bitters  and  patent  nostrums. 

207.  Americanus,  L.,  var.  obovatus,  T.  &  Gr.  C.  &  S. 

Trailing.    The  sp.  does  not  occur.  Common. 


SAPINDACE^E. 


(Soapberry  Family.) 


STAPHYLEA 

Biadder-Nut.       208.  trifolia,  L. 


Th, 


Marquette  Co.— Burt;  and  frequent  along  river  banks  in  L.  P.  A  curious 
and  interesting  low  shrub,  with  drooping  white  flowers,  ovate,  pointed, 
serrate  leaflets,  and  large  triangular  pods,  whence  the  common  name. 
Sometimes  cultivated  and  deserving  attention. 


Ohio  Buckeve. 
Fetid  B. 


^SCULUS 

209.  glabra,  Willd. 


River-bottoms,  Lenawee  Co.— Prof.  Beal;  and  probably  in  other  localities 
in  the  southern  tier  of  counties. 


ACER 


striped  Maple.      210.  Pennsylvanicum,  L.     (***) 


N.  &  U.  P. 


Mountain 
Maple. 


Sugar  Maple. 
Rock  M. 


Abundant  in  IT.  P.— Whitney,  common  at  Petoskey  (!),  and  occasional  as 
far  S.  on  the  Huron  shore  as  Alcona  Co.— Winchell  Cat.,  and  in  the  inter- 
ior as  Houghton  Lake(!). 

211.  spicatum,  Lam.  C.  N.  &  U.  P. 

Common  in  U.  P.;  Alcona  Co.— Winch.  Cat.;  Crystal  Lake,  Montcalm 
Co.(!);  and  occasional  in  cold  swamps  as  far  south  as  banks  of  Grand 
river  near  Lansing— Beal. 


212.  saccharinum,  Wang.     ( 


***' 


Th. 


This  and  the  next  yield  "maple  sugar."  Frequent  in  the  U.  P.,  and 
abundant  in  the  lower,  forming  extensive  groves,  either  alone  or  in  con- 
nection with  beech.  Largely  used  for  fuel,  and  to  some  extent  for 
cabinet  purposes,  especially  the  curled  and  bird's  eye  varieties.  Exten- 
sively planted  as  a  shade-tree.  In  localities  badly  infested  with  borers 
of  the  genus  Clylus. 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


Black  Sugar 
M. 


Silver  Maple. 
White  M. 


Red  Maple. 
Swamp  M. 


Negundo. 
Box-elder. 
Ash-leaved 
Maple. 


213.  saccharinum,  Wang.,  var.  nigrum,  T.  &  Gr. 


Th. 


Along  with  the  preceding,  and  much  resembling  it.    Distinguished  best 
by  its  prominent  stipules  and  downy  leaves.  Common. 

214.  dasycarpum,  Ehrh.  C.  &  S. 

Low  ground  along  rivers.     This  and  the  next  are  fine  shade  and  orna- 
mental trees.    Often  planted.  Common. 

215.  rubrum,  L.  Th. 

On  low  ground  and  along  streams.  Very  common. 

NEGUNDO 

216.  aceroides,  Moench.  0.  &  S. 

River  banks.    A  small,  handsome  tree,  with  green  twigs,  ash-like  leaves, 
aH    P?j?f.^an^  flowers  and  keys.    Sometimes  planted,  and  would  be  more 

Frequent. 


often  if  its  value  was  known. 


Purple    Poly- 
gala. 

Poly  gala. 

Polygala. 


Seneca  Snake- 
root. 


Broad-leaved 
S.S. 


Pink  Poly- 
gala. 


Flowering 
Wintergreen. 
Fringed  Poly- 


POLYGALACE^E. 

(Milkwort  Family.) 


POLYGALA 

217.  sanguinea, 


L.     (***) 


C.  &S. 

Local,  but  usually  abun- 

s. 

Rare. 

c.  &s. 

Flint;  Lansing(!);  Macomb  Co.;  Wayne  Co.(!),  etc.  Common  in  some 
places,  rare  in  others.  The  fresh  roots  have  the  smell  of  wintergreen, 
or  Spirea  lobata. 


Belding(!);  Ionia(!);  Flint;  Macomb  Co. 
dant  when  found  at  all. 

218.  cruciata,  L. 

S.  Mich— Wright  Cat. 

219.  verticillata,  L. 


220.  Senega,  L.     (*) 

221.  Senega,  L.,    var.  latifolia,  T.  &  Gr 

Hubbardston  (!);  Flint,  etc. 

222.  polygama,  Walt.     (***) 

Sandy  soil.    Ionia  (!),  Clinton  (!) 


Th. 

Common. 
Rare. 

3.  &  s. 


223.  paucifolia,  Willd.     (***) 


Montcalm  (!),  and  comities  southward. 
Infrequent. 


Common  on  pine  land;  the  large,  rose-purple  flowers  very  beautiful. 
Complonia,  Rhus  aromalica,  Moneses,  and  this  are  often  found  together. 
Dr.  Wright  found  a  variety  with  white  flowers. 


LEGUMINOSiE. 

(Pulse  Family.) 


LUPINUS 


Wild  Lupine.       224.  perennis,  L 

Abun( 
forn 

TKIFOL1UM. 


C.  &  S. 


Abundant  in  light  sand.    Flowers,  a  fine  blue-purple,  in  May  and    Juno 
forming  great  masses  of  color.    Worth  cultivating. 


Red  Clover. 


225.  pratense,  L.     (***)  Th. 

Meadows  and  fields.     Very  extensively  cultivated  for  hay  and  pasture, 
and  as  a  fertilizer  of  the  soil,  in  which  capacity  it  has  no  "equal. 

White  clover.      226.  repens,  L.  Th. 

Meadows,  pastures,  and  road-sides.  Very  com. 

227.  procumbens,  L.  0.  ft  S. 


Yellow 
Clover. 
Low  Hop-C. 


Ionia  (!);  Lansing  (!),  etc.    Blossoms  bright  yellow  and  very  pretty. 

Infr. 


Yellow 
Melilot. 


MELILOTUS 

228.  officinalis,  Willd.     (***) 


0.  &S. 

Rare. 


24 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


Sweet  Clover. 
White  Melilot. 


Lucerne. 


Black  Medlck. 
Nonesuch. 


Prairie  Clover. 
Prairie  Clover. 

Lead-plant. 


Hoary  Pea. 
Goat's  Rue. 


Cooper's 
Vetch. 

Milk  V. 


229.  alba,  Lam.     (***)  L.  P. 

More  common  than  the  preceding,  but  only  occasional.    A  valuable  honey 
plant. 


ME  DIC  AGO 

230.  sativa,  L. 

Escaped  from  cultivation  in  a  few  places. 

231.  lupulina,  L. 

Waste  places.    Mackinac;  Jackson  (!;;  Ann  Arbor,  etc 
PETALOSTEMON 

232.  violacens,  Mx. 

"Dry  prairies,  Mich."— Gray. 

233.  candid  us,  Mx. 

"With  the  preceding.— Gray.    These  two  and  the  next  are 
AMORPHA 

234.  canescens,  Nntt. 

W.  Mich.— Winch.  Cat. ;  Ann  Arbor.— Prof.  M.  W.  Harrington. 
TEPHROSIA 

235.  Virginiana,  Pers.     (***)  C.  &  S 

Clinton  Co.  (!);   Montcalm  Co.  (!);   Macomb  Co.;    Livingston  Co. 
Clark,  etc.    On  light  sand. 

ASTRAGALUS 

236.  Cooperi,  Gr. 

Dr.  A.  B.  Lyons;  Cooley  MS. 

237.  Canadensis,  L. 


0.  &S. 
L.  P. 

forming  patches. 

s.  w. 

Rare. 

s.  w. 

prairie  plants." 

s. 

Rare. 


Miss 
Infrequent. 


Put-in  Bay  (!;;  Ann  Arbor  (!);  Macomb  Co.;  Orchard  Lk. 
Co.  (!);  and  northward.    Well  distributed  but 


c.  &s. 

Rare. 

Th. 

(!);  Montcalm 
Infrequent. 


DESMODIUM 

Tick-Trefoil.       238.  nudiflorum,  DC.  C.  &  S. 

Crystal  Lk.,  Montcalm  Co.  (!);  Flint;   Lansing;  Macomb  Co.;  S.  Mich.- 
Wright  Cat.,  eic.  Common. 


Tick-Trefoil. 

239. 

acuminatum,  DC.                                                        C.  &  S. 

Woodlands.                                                                                   Very  common. 

Tick-Trefoil. 

240. 

pauciflorum,  DC.                                                                   S. 

Mont  Lk.— Miss  Clark  in  Winch.  Cat.                                                         Rare. 

Round-leaved 
T.-T. 

241. 

rotundifolium,  DC.                                                      C.  &  S. 

Trailing  T.-T. 

Hubbardston  (!);  Ionia  (!);  Flint;  Lansing  (!);  So.  Haven;  Macomb  Co.; 
Ann  Arbor.— Allmend.  Cat.,  etc.                                                   Infrequent. 

Tick-Trefoil. 

242. 

canescens,  DC.                                                                    S. 

Ann  Arbor— Allmend.  Cat.;  S.  West- Wright  Cat.                               Rare. 

Tick- Trefoil. 

243. 

cuspidatum,  Hook.                                                      C.  &  S. 

Hubbardston  (!);  Flint;   Lansing;  Ann  Arbor;  Macomb  Co.;   S.  Mich.— 

Tick-Trefoil. 

244. 

Wright,  etc.    Usually  on  oak  land.                                                Frequent. 

viridinorum,  Beck.                                                      C.  &,S. 

Tick-Trefoil. 

245. 

Hubbardston  (!);  Macomb  Co.                                                       Not  common. 

Dillenii,  Darlingt.                                                      C.  &  S. 

Tick-Trefoil. 

246. 

Oak  woods.    Hubbardston  (!);  Flint;   Macomb  Co.;   S.  Mich.— Wr.  Cat.; 
Mont  Lk.— Miss  Clark,  etc.                                                               Frequent. 

paniculatum,  DC.                                                        C.  &  S. 

Tick-Trefoil. 

247. 

Oak  woods.    Hubbardston  (!);  Flint;  Macomb  Co.;  Lansing;  S.  Haven;  S. 
Mich.— Wr.  Cat.,  etc.                                                                          Frequent. 

Canadense,  DC.                                                           C.  &  S. 

Hubbardston  (!)  and  probably  farther  ST.;  Flint;   Lansing;  Ann  Arbor— 
Allmend.  Cat.  and  Winch.  Cat,,  etc.    Flowers  early.  Frequent. 

K.  C.  State   College 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


25 


Tick-Trefoil. 
Tick-Trefoil. 

Tick-Trefoil. 
Tick-Trefoil. 

Creeping  Les- 
pecleza. 

Bush  Clover. 
Bush  Clover. 
Bush  Clover. 
Bush  Clover. 
Bush  Clover. 
Bush  Clover. 
Bush  Clover. 


Common 

Vetch. 

Tare. 


Blue  Vetch. 


Pale  Vetch. 
Carolina  V. 

Purple  V. 
American  V. 


Beach  Pea. 


Vetchling. 

Everlasting 

Pea. 


Pale  Vetch- 
ling. 
Indian  Pea. 

Marsh  Vetch- 
ling. 


Marsh  Vetch- 
ling. 


248.  sessilifolium,  T.  &  Gr.  S. 

"Michigan"— Gray;  S.  Mich.— Winch.  Cat.  Rare. 

249.  rigidum,  DO.  C.  &  S. 

Hubbardston  (!);  Flint;  Macomb  Co. ;  Ann  Arbor,  and  S.  W.— Winch.  Oat. 

Infrequent. 

250.  ciliare,  DO.  S. 

Dr.  Wright.  Rare. 

251.  Marylandicum,  Boott.  C.  &  S. 

Dry  hills,  Ionia(!),  and  southward.  Infrequent. 

LESPEDEZA 

252.  repens,  Barton.     (?)  S. 

Winchell  Cat. 

253.  violacea,  Pers. 

Ann  Arbor— Miss  Clark ;  S.  W.— Wright. 

254.  reticulata,  Pers. 

Dry  woods  and  fields. 

255.  reticulata,  Pers.,  var.  angustifolia,  Maxim. 

Wright  Cat. 

256.  Stuvei,  Nutt. 

Winchell  Cat.;  Gray  in  Manual. 

257.  hirta,  Elliott. 


S. 

Infrequent. 

c.  &  s. 

Common. 

s.  w. 

Rare. 

s. 

Rare. 

0.  &  s. 

Common. 

c.  &  s. 


258.  capitata,  Mx. 

Abundant  in  old  fields;  prefers  light  sand. 

259.  angustifolia,  Ell.  0.  &  S. 

In  the  same  situations,  and  along  with  the  preceding  two.        Frequent. 
VICIA 

260.  saliva,  L.  S. 

Detroit— Dr.  Lyons;  Springwells,  near  Detroit— Henry  Gillman. 

Infrequent. 

261.  Cracca,  L.  S. 

S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat.;  Ann  Arbor— Prof.  M.  W.  Harrington. 

Rare  or  local. 


262.  Oaroliniana,  Walter. 

Dry  soil. 

263.  Americana,  Muhl. 


0.  &  S. 

Very  common. 

Th. 


Ann  Arbor;  Ionia(!);  Montcalm  Co.(!),  etc.;  N.  to  Lake  Sup.  Much 
rarer  than  the  preceding,  and  very  pretty.  Spreads  rapidly  in  C,  along 
railroads  and  highways,  and  acts  like  an  immigrant. 

LATHYKUS 

264.  maritimus,  Bigel.  Th. 

All  around  the  Gr.  Lakes,  but  seldom  or  never  seen  in  t lie  interior. 

Com. 

265.  venosus,  Muhl.  C.  &  S. 

Ionia  Co.  (!);  Clinton  Co.  (!);  Flint;  Macomb  Co.;  Ann  Arbor,  etc 
tifnl,  and  worthy  a  place  in  the  garden,  by  reason  of  its  large,  purple 
flowers.  u«r« 

266.  ochroleucns,  Hooker.  Th. 

Hillsides  and  dry  uplands.  Inflr. 

267.  paluster,  L.  Th. 

Ann  Arbor;  Ionia(!);  Bay  City;  Antrim  Co.;  Petoskey  to  L.  Sup.  This 
and  the  next  are  both  common  in  C,  growing  in  marshes  along  with 
Apios  tuber osa,  Campanula  aparinoides,  etc. 

Th. 


268.  paluster,  L      var.  myrtifolius,  Gr. 


Com. 


26 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


Ground-nut. 
Wild  Bean. 
Dakota  Potato 


Wild  Bean. 


Hog  Pea-nut. 


False  Indigo. 
Wild  Indigo. 


Wild  Indigo. 


Wild  Indigo. 


Red-bud. 
Judas-tree. 


APIOS 

269.  tnberosa.  Mcench, 


A  curious  vine,  with  edible  tuber 
ers. 


c.  &  s. 

and  fragrant,  chocolate-brown  flow- 
Common. 


PHASEOLUS 

270.  diversifolius,  Pers.  S. 

S.  E.  along  shore,  and  on  the  islands  of  Lake  Erie  (!),  and  shore  of  Lake 


Michigan  at  So.  Haven— Bailey, 
not  found  in  the  interior. 

AMPHICAEP^EA 

271.  monoica,  Elliott. 

Fields  and  woods.    Variable. 
BAPTISIA 


Probably  not  much  farther  north,  and 

Th. 

Common. 

0.  &s. 


272.  tinctoria,  R.  Br.     (***) 

Woodard  Lake,  Ionia  Co.  (!);  Flint;  Macomb  Co.;  Ann  Arbor— Winch. 
Cat.;  etc.  Abundant  in  places,  but  not  well  distributed;  much  com- 
moner  than  the  next  two  species. 

273.  Leucantha,  Torr.  &  Gr. 

Calhoun  Co.— Winch.  Cat.;  Ann  Arbor- 

274.  leucophasa,  Nutt. 

Mich.— Gray. 


-Allmendinger  Cat.;  etc. 


s. 

Rare. 

s. 

Rare. 


CERCIS 

275.  Canadensis,  L. 


0.  &  S. 


Indigenous  through  the  southern  part  of  the  State,  and  as  far  N.  in  the 
west  as  Grand  river  valley.  Pla'ster  creek,  Grand  Rapids— Garfield; 
Ionia— Le  Valley(?);  banks  of  Thornapple  river,  Eaton  county;  Ann 
Arbor;  Adrian;  South  Haven,  etc.  This  tree  is  quite  frequent  in  the 
valley  of  the  river  Raisin,  10  miles  S.  W.  of  Adrian,  in  company  with 
Negundo,  Gymnocladus,  and  jEsculus  glabra.  The  largest  trees  are  ten 
inches  in  diameter— Henry  Owen.  Frequently  cultivated. 


Wild  Senna. 


Kentucky 
Coffee-tree. 


CASSIA 
276.  Marylandica,  L.     (*) 


C.  &  S. 


Lyons(!);  Grand  Haven(!);  Ann  Arbor,  etc.    River  banks;  a  tall  weed 
with  bright  yellow  blossoms.  Infrequent. 


GYMNOCLADUS 

277.  Canadensis.  Lam. 


C.  &  S. 


A  slender  tree  along  river  banks,  as  far  X.  as  Maple  river,  in  Clinton 
Co.(!);  also  Fisk  creek,  Montcalm  Co. (!);  banks  of  Grand  river(!);  etc. 
The  largest  specimen  seen  was  about  KO  feet  high,  and  less  than  a  foot 
in  diameter.  The  wood  is  reddish,  fine-grained,  tough,  and  takes  a  good 
polish.  Sometimes  planted,  and  a  valuable  ornamental  tree,  with 
clubby  branches,  large  and  graceful  bi-pinnate  leaves,  and  large,  flat 
pods  in  autumn.    Farther  south,  a  large  tree.  Infrequent. 


Honey  Locust. 
Three-thorned 
Acacia. 


GLEDITSCHIA 
278.  triacanthos,  L 


S. 


Grows  along  the  river  Raisin,  and  is  certainly  indigenous.  Often  two 
feet  in  diameter.— Prof.  Beal,  Henry  Owen,  et  al.  Probably  along  the 
St.  Joseph,  also,  and  in  other  localities  in  the  extreme  S.  Frequently 
planted  for  hedges. 


ROSACEA. 

{Hose  Family.) 


Wild  Plum. 


PRUNUS 

279.  Americana.  Marshall. 


C.  &  .S 


Along  our  rivers;  the  fruit  either  round  or  oblong,  yellow,  red,  or  green, 
and  pleasant  or  bittei*.  Occasionally  a  tree  bears  large  fruit  which  is 
quite  palatable.    Frequently  the  plums  blast  and  the  trees  bear  instead 


hollow,  green  bodies  somewhat  resembling  plums. 


Common. 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


27 


Dwarf  Cherry. 
Saud  Cherry. 


Wild  Red 
Cherry. 
Pin  Cherry. 


280.  pumila,  L. 


Th. 


L.  Sup.;  Emmet  Co.(!);  Houghton  Lake(!);  Mecosta  Co.(!);  South  Haven- 
Saginaw  Bay— Winchell,  etc.  Frequent  in  the  N.  half  of  the  L.  P.  hut 
not  yet  found  in  the  interior  S.  of Saranac,  Ionia  Co.(!),  where  it  occurs 
in  a  dry  glade  along  with  Synthyris,  Castillea,  Lupinus,  and  Senecio 
aureus. 


281.  Pennsylvania,  L. 


Ti 


Very  abundant  on  sandy  land  in  the  X.  half  of  the  State,  but  less  common 
southward,  where  P.  serolina  takes  its  place.  Occasionally  it  becomes 
a  good  sized  tree,— 40-50  feet  high,  a  foot  and  a  half  In  diameter.  One 
such  stands  by  the  road-side  near  Prairie  Cr.,  in  Ronald  Tp.,  Ionia  Co. 

Th. 

pretty  in  May  by  reason  of  its  light  green 
ite  flowers.    Sometimes  cultivated  for  orna- 

Common. 


Choke  Cherry.        282.    Vil'gillica,    L. 

A  shrub  or  small  tree.  Verj 
leaves  and  racemes  of  avI 
ment. 

283.  serotina  Ehrh.     (*) 


Wild  Black 
Cherry. 


Ti 


Nine -Bark. 


Meadow- 
sweet. 
Willow, 
leaved  Spirea. 
Hardhack. 
Steeple-Bush. 


Queen  of  the 
Prairie. 


Gillenia. 

Bowman's 

Root. 

Indian  Physic, 

Canadian  Bur- 
net. 


Agrimony. 


Small-flower 
ed  A. 


White  Geum. 

Avens. 


Virginia  G. 


Large-leaved 
G. 


Strict  G. 


Purple  Avens. 
Water  A. 


A  medium  sized  timber  tree,  well  known  as  "  Black  Cherry."  Frequent 
in  C.  and  S.,  in  places  sufficiently  so  for  economic  use.  Bare  in  N.  and 
U.  P.    The  bark  is  often  used  as  a  tonic. 

NEILLIA 

284.  opulifolia,  Benth.  and  Hook.  Th. 

Along  streams.  A  low  shrub  with  re-curved  branches,  white  flowers, 
clusters  of  reddish  pods,  and  something  the  habit  of  red  currant  but 
larger.    Occasionally  cultivated  and  a  good  addition  to  the  lawn. 

SPIEEA 

Th. 

Common. 

(**)  0.  &  s. 

Ionia  Co.  (!)  and  southward.  A  low  shrub  with  fine  rose-colored  flowers, 
in  dense  panicles,  and  leaves  rusty-wooly  beneath.  A  striking  plant 
and  worth  trying  in  the  garden.  Infr. 

lobata,    Jacquin.  S. 

"Meadows  and  prairies,  Penn.  to  Mich."— Gray.  Occurs,  if  at  all,  only  in 
the  S.    Often  cultivated. 


285. 


28G. 


287. 


salicifolia,  L. 

In  marshes. 

tomentosa,  L. 


GILLENIA 

288.  trifoliata,  Mcench.     (**) 

Winchell  Cat. 
POTEEIUM 

289.  Canadense,  Benth.  &  Hook. 

South  Haven— Bailey;  Ann  Arbor— Allmcndingcr. 
AGRIMONIA 

290.  Eupatoria,  L.     (***) 

Dry  soil. 

291.  parviflora,  Ait.     (***) 

Detroit— Miss  Clark;  Macomb  Co. 
GEUM 

292.  album,  Gmelin. 

293.  Virginianura,  L. 

294.  macrophyllum,  Willd. 

Rare,  or  not  at  all  in  L.  P. 

295.  strictum,  Aiton. 

New  Haven,  Gratiot  Co.(!);  Pctoskey(!),  etc. 

296.  rivale,  L.     (**) 

Swamps  and  wet  places. 


s. 

Hare. 

s. 

Bare. 

Th. 

Common. 

S.  E. 

Infrequent. 


Common. 

&  s. 

Common. 

U.  I'. 

Th. 
Bare  & 

Th. 

Common. 


28 


MICHIGAN  FLOKA. 


Three-flow- 
ered Geum. 


Barren  Straw- 
berry. 


Cinquefoil. 


Common  C. 
Five-Finger. 


Five-Finger. 


Arctic  Poten- 
tilla. 


Silvery- 
Cinque  foil. 


Stout  Poten- 
tilla. 


Silver-weed. 


Shrubby 
Cinque-foil. 


Three-toothed 
C. 


297.  trifle-rum,  Pursh. 

Otisco  Tp  ,  Ionia  Co.(!)— A.  B.  Morse;  Montcalm  Co.,  near  Greenville(l); 
the  only  reported  localities  in  the  State.  Attractive  by  reason  of  its 
long,  plumose  stvles,  and  dissected,  fern-like  leaves.  Rare. 


WALDSTEINIA 

298.     fragarioides,  Tratt. 


Th, 


Livingston  Co.— Winch.  Cat.;   Ionia(!);  Flint,  etc.;  to  L.  Sup.— Whitney 
Cat.    Bather  local,  but  abundant  when  found  at  all. 


POTENTILLA 
299.  Norvegica,  L. 


Th. 

Common. 

Th. 


300.  Canadensis,  L. 

Macomb  Co.,  and  Flint  to  L.  Sup.    Rare  in  C.  &  S. 

301.  Canadensis,  L.,  var.  simplex,  T.  &  Gr. 

Range  unknown;  the  common  form  in  C.  &  S.,  where  it  is  abundant. 

302.  frigida,  Villars.  U.  P. 

Dr.  Lyons.  Rare, 

303.  argentea,  L.  S. 

Ann  Arbor— Clark  and  AJlmendinger.  Not  reported  by  any  other  ob- 
servers. 

304.  arguta,  Ph.  Th. 

Flowers  either  white  or  yellow,  generally  all  in  one  locality  of  one  color; 
the  same  is  true  of  moth  mullein;  Ann  Arbor;  Macomb  Co.;  Lansing(!); 
Ionia(!);  and  N.  to  Isle  Royal.  Frequent  on  light  sand;  in  places,  com- 
mon. 

305.  Anserina,  L.  Th. 

Frequent  along  the  Great  Lakes,  but  rare  in  the  interior. 

fruticosa,  L.  Th. 

Edges  of  swamps.  A  low  shrub  with  small,  silky  leaves,  and  a  profusion 
of  showy  yellow  blossoms,  in  August.    Ranges  N.  to  Arctic  America. 

Common. 

N.  &  U.  P. 

shores  of  the  Upper  Great  Lakes"— Gray; 
Infrequent. 


306. 


307.  tridentata,  Solander. 


Barrens  of  Missaukee  Co.  (!); 
Isle  Royal— Dr.  Lyons. 


Marsh  Five- 
Finger. 


Wild  Straw, 
berry. 


Wild  Straw- 
berry. 


Wild  Straw- 
berry. 


Dalibarda. 


Purple  Flow- 
ering Rasp- 
berry. 

White  Flow- 
ering R. 

Dwarf  R. 


308. 


palustris,  Scop. 

Swamps  throughout,  but  nowhere  abundant. 
FKAGAKIA 

309.  Virginiana,  Duchesne.     (***) 


Th. 

Very  common. 


310.  Virginiana,  Duch.,  var.  Illinoensis,  Gr. 

U.  P.— Henry  Gill  man,  in  Am.  Nat.,  Sept.  '69;  and  probably  in  Lower  P., 
also. 

311.  vesca,  L.  Th. 

Occasional  in  S.,  frequent  in  C,  and  abundant  northward,  where  it  seems 
to  take  the  place  of  F.  Virginiana.  Moist  woodlands  and  borders  of 
swamps. 

EUBUS 

312.  Dalibarda,  L.  S. 

Ann  Arbor— Mary  Clai-k;  Macomb  Co.— Cooley.  May  occur  farther  north, 
and  perhaps  throughout.  Rare. 

313.  odoratus,  L.  Th. 

Not  observed  in  the  interior 


From  Ft.  Gratiot  (Winchell)  northward, 
through  C.  &  S.    Common  in  N.  &  IT.  P. 

314.  ISfutkauus,  Mooino. 

Frequent  at  Petoskey  (!)  and  common  farther  north. 

315.  triflorus,  Richard. 


N.  &-TT.  P. 

Th. 

Frequent. 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


29 


Wild  Red  R. 


Black  R. 
Thimbleberry 


Blackberry. 


Dewberry. 
Low  Black- 
berry. 


Running 
Swamp  B. 


Prairie  Rose. 
Climbing  Rose. 


Swamp  R. 


Dwarf  Wild 
Rose. 


Early  Wild 
Rose. 


Sweet  Briar. 


316.  strigosus,  Mx. 

Variable.    Many  seedlings  in  cult. 

317.  occidentalis,  L. 


Th. 

Common. 

Th. 


Hybrids  between  this  and 
Common. 


Th. 


Our  garden  Black-caps  are  seedlings  of  this 
the  preceding  frequently  occur. 

318.  villosus,  Aiton.     (*) 

Very  common  in  C,  covering  thousands  of  acres  of  waste  pine-land  to  the 
exclusion  of  almost  everything  else.  Rare  in  U.  P.  The  fruit  is  agree- 
able and  much  gathered.  Occasionally  a  plant  is  found  bearing  large 
berries  of  superior  quality.  This  sp.  is  the  original  of  the  Law  ton, 
Wilson,  Kittattiny,  and  other  cultivated  sorts. 

319.  Canadensis,  L.     (*)  0.  &  S. 

Extensively  trailing— 12  ft.  or  more— deep-rooted,  hard  to  exterminate, 
and  troublesome  in  sandy  fields.  Fruit  ripe  about  the  middle  of  July, 
sweeter  than  that  of  R.  villosus.  Frequent. 


320.  hispidus,  L. 


Very  abundant  through  the  C.  in  the  pine  country,  frequently  covering 
the  ground;  also,  S.  and  probably  Th. 

ROSA 

321.  setigera,  Mx.  0.  &  S. 

So.  Haven— Bailey,   Jackson  Co.— Winchell;   Flint— Dr.  Clark;    Macomb 


Co.— Cooley 
rare  or  local 


Grosse  Isle— Miss  Clark. 


322.  Carolina,  L. 

Swamps. 

323.  parviflora,  Ehrh. 


Possibly  indigenous,  but  very 
Cultivated. 

Th. 

Common. 

c.  &  s. 

Abundant  and  pretty.  In  the  C.  it  is  our  common  wild-rose.  Dry  soil. 
A  low  form  on  hills  about  Ionia  has  narrow  leaves,  with  peduncles 
and  ripe  fruit  glandular-bristly. 

324.  blanda,  Aiton.  Th. 

Ionia  (l);  Hubbardston  (!);  Flint;  Vt.  Gratiot— Winch.  Cat.,  etc.  Common 
northward,  but  infrequent  south  of  lat.  43°. 

C.  &  S. 

Frequent. 


325.  rubiginosa,  L. 

Roadsides. 


Scarlet-fruit- 
ed Thorn. 

Downy  Thorn. 


Black  Thorn. 
Pear  T. 


CRATAEGUS 

coccinea 


326. 
327. 

328. 


Th. 

Common. 

subvillosa,  Schrader.  0*  &  S. 

Frequent  in  C. ;  our  largest  thorn,  frequently  20-25  ft.  and  a  foot  in  diam. 

C.  &S. 


eter. 

tomentosa,  L. 


X  m- 


Pear  T. 

329. 

Pear  T. 

330. 

Cockspur 
Thorn. 

331. 

PIRUS 

American 
Crab-apple; 

332. 

Choke-berry. 

333. 

The  form  doubtfully  referred  to  this  species  is  a  shrub  with  la rge .  tl"ck. 
oval,  sharply-serrate  leaves,  beneath  prominently  veined  .and  taper  tag 
into  a  marginal  petiole;  corymbs  very  straggling  and  fruit  quit*  *mau- 

Infroquent. 

Th. 

Common. 

0.  &  s. 

Other  forms  of  Cralegus  occur, 


tomentosa,  L.,  var.  pyrifolia,  Gr. 
330.  tomentosa,  L.,  var.  punctata,  Gr. 

A  shrub  or  low  tree.    Very  common  in  C. 


and  the  whole  genus  evidently  needs  revision. 

>us-galli,  Linn. 

Usually  a  shrub.    Used  for  hedges  in  the  East. 


C.  &  S. 

Common. 


coronaria,  L. 

Thickets  and  alon 
fragrant  in  May. 

arbutifolia,  L. 

Hubbardston  (!),  etc 


streams;  the  line 
The  fruit  green  and  bitter. 


Hare  in  C. 


0.  &  s. 

osc  colored  flowers  delightfully 


Common. 

Th. 


30 


MICHIGAN  FLOKA. 


Choke-berry 


American 
Mountain 
Ash. 


June-berry. 

Shad-bush. 

Service-berry. 


Service-berry. 
Service-berry. 
Service-berry. 


334.  arbutifolia,  L.,  var.  melanocarpa,  Hook.  Th. 

Burt.  MS.;    Isle   Royale  — Whitney's   Cat.,  etc.     Frequent   in   swamps 

jsr.  &  it.  p. 


through  C. 

335.  Americana,  DO.     (***) 

Ludington,  and  north  along  the  Michigan  shore  to  Charlevoix;  Sault  Ste. 
Marie;  and  into  Canada  where  it  is  common;  also  westward  through 
U.  P.— Burt,  and  Whitney. 

AMELANCHIER 

336.  Canadensis,  Ton*.  &  Gr.  Th. 

A  shrub  or  small  tree.  Fruit  variable  in  size  and  flavor,  frequently 
delicious,  and  so  well  known  to  the  birds  that  one  can  seldom  find  it 
well  ripened.  Undoubtedly  horticulturists  could  develop  this  into  a 
profitable  fruit,  but  having  already  so  many  choice  kinds,  it  is  ques- 
tionable if  there  would  be  anv  immediate  profit.  It  is  well,  however, 
to  remember  that  all  our  choice  fruits  have  come  from  very  ordinary 
wild  sorts. 


Common. 


337.  Canadensis,  Ton*.  &  Gr.,  var.  (?)  oblongifolia,  T.  &  Gr.  Th. 

Ionia  (');  Flint;  S.  Mich.— Winchell  Cat.    A  low  shrub  on  sandy  land. 

Infrequent. 

338.  Canadensis,  Torr.&Gr.,  var.  rotundifolia,  T.  &  Gr.  C.  &  S. 

Along  streams,  nearly  as  large  as  the  sp.;  leaves  oval,  serrate,  promi- 
nently veined  beneath.    Flint;  Hubbardston  (!),  etc.        Not-common. 

339.  alnifolia,  Nutt.  L.  P. 

Presque  Isle— Winchell;  Flint— Dr.  Clark.  Rare. 


Wild  Goose- 
berry. 


Wild  Goose- 
berry. 


Wild  Goose- 
berry. 

Swamp  Goose- 
berry. 

Fetid  Cur 
rant. 


Wild  Black 
Currant. 


Red  Currant. 


Grass  of  Par- 
nassus. 


Grass  of  Par- 
nassus. 


Grass  of  Par- 
nassus. 


Yellow  Moun. 
tain  Sax- 
ifrage. 


SAXIFKAGACE^E. 
( Saxifrage   Fam ily. ) 

RIBES 

340.  Cynosbati,  L.  Th. 

The  large  berries  prickly,  but  edible.  Common. 

341.  oxyacanthoides.  L.  C.  &.  S. 

Low  grounds  along  Fish  Creek,  and  Maple  River  (!);  Flint;  Macomb 

Co.,  etc.    Fruit  smooth.  Common. 

342.  rotundifolium,  Mx.  Th. 

St.  Joseph's  Is.,  and  Sitting  Rabbit— Winch.  Cat.  Rare  in  C.  &  S. 

343.  lacustre,  Poir.  N.  &  U.  P. 

As  far  south  as  Houghton  Lake  (!). 

344.  prostratnm,  L'Her.  C.  N.  &  U.  P. 

Flint;  Isabella  Co.  (!);  Missaukee  Co.  (!);  St.  Joseph's  Is.— Winch.  Cat., 
etc. 

345.  floridnm,  L.  Th. 

Common. 

346.  rubrnm,  L.  Th. 

Deep  swamps  and  cold  woods,  under  tamaracks.  Ann  Arbor;  Ionia  (!); 

Stanton  (!),  and  northward.  Infrequent. 

PARNASSIA 

347.  parviflora,  DC. 


U.  P. 


L.  Sup.  —Can.  Cat.;  Grand  Island— Henry  Gillman;  also,  northwest  shore 
of  Lake  Michigan,  in  Wisconsin— Gillman. 


348.  palnstris,  L. 


U.  P. 


Drummond's  Is.— Winch  Cat. ;  "Shore  of  L.  Sup.,  and  northward  "—Gray, 
from  Dr.  Pitcher. 

349.  Caroliniana,  Mx. 

Swamps  and  wet  banks.    Rare  northward;  common  in  C.  &  S. 
SAXIFRAGA 

350.  aizoides,  L.  U.  P. 

"  Northern  Michigan."— Gray. 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


31 


Three-tooth'cl 
Saxifrage. 


351.  tricnspidata,  TCetz. 


U.  P. 


Saxifrage. 
Early  S. 
Swamp  S. 

Alum-root. 
Alum-root. 


Two-leaved 
Mitrewort. 

Bishop's  Cap. 

Naked  M. 


False  Mitre- 
wort. 


Goldeu  Saxi- 
frage. 


'Shore  of  L.  Sup.  and  northward  "—Gray:   Isle  Royale—  Dr.  Lyons  and 
WhitnevCat. 


352.  Aizoon,  Jacq. 

"Upper  Mich."— Gray;  Isle  Royale— Lyons,  and  Whitney 

353.  Virginiensis,  Mx. 

L.  Sup.— Can.  Cat.,  etc. 

354.  Pennsylvanica,  L. 

Bogs. 
HEUCHERA 

355.  Americana,  L.     (  **  ) 

Grand  Rapids— Coleman ;  Ann  Arbor— Winch.  Cat. 

35G.  hispida,  Ph. 

Common  in  Grand-Saginaw  Valley. 
MITELLA 

357.  diphylla,  L. 

Hillsides  in  rich  woods.    Seeds  black. 

358.  nuda,  L. 


U.  P. 

U.  P. 

Th. 

( 'ommon. 

0.  &  s. 

Bare. 


0. 


Th. 

Very  common. 

Th. 


Shaded  swamps  in  Sphagnum.  Racemes  sometimes  inclined  to  he  panicu- 
late; seeds  brown.  A  very  delicate  and  pretty  little  herb,  usually  grow- 
ing under  tamaracks  and  along  with  Ribes  rubrum,  Chiogcnes  JUspidula, 
Smilacina  trifolia,  and  Salix  Candida.  The  scape  frequently  bears  a 
small  leaf,  as  if  to  suggest  the  derivation  of  this  and  the  preceding  from 

Frequent. 


one  earlier  form 

TIAKELLA 

359.  cord i folia,  L. 

Ft.  Gratiot;  Macomb  Co. ;  Flint;  Stanton  (!);  and  northward. 
N.  &  U.  P. ;  rare  in  C.  &  S.  W. 

CHRYSOSPLENIUM 

360.  Americanum,  Schw. 

So.  Haven;  Hubbardston  (!);  Flint;  and  north. 


Th. 

Common 


Inir. 


CRASSULACEiE. 

(Orpine  Family.) 


PENTHORUM 


Ditch  stone-        361.  sedoides,  L.     (***) 

crop.  '  v  J 

Roadsides  and  ditches,  everywhere. 

SEDUM 

Live-for-ever.        $Q2.    TelephilWl,  L.      ( *** ) 
Garden  Or- 


pine. 


Escaped  from  cultivation,  as  have  8.  acre  and  some  others. 


0.  &  s. 


0.  &  S. 


HAMAMELACE-K. 
( 1 1  'itch  -  Hazel  Fam  ily . ) 


HAMAMELIS 
Witch-iiazei.       363.  Virginians,  L.     (***) 


Tli. 


The  yellow  blossoms  open  in  November  after  the  leaves  have  fallen.  The 
ripe  pods  burst  with  a  sharp  report,  scattering  the  seeds,— this  is  Irc- 
quently  the  case  with  pods  of  other  plants.  Common. 


32  MICHIGAN  FLORA. 

HALORAGEA 

(  Water-Milfoil  Family. ) 

MYRIOPHYLLUM 
Water-Miifoii.      364.  spicatum,  L.  Th. 

L.  Sup.— Can.  Cat.;  etc. 

Water-Milfoil.      365.  verticillatum,  L.  Th. 

Hubbardston  (!);  Flint;  Macomb  Co.;  S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat. 

Water-Milfoil.      366.  heterophyllum,  Mx.  0.  &  S. 

Fruitport— E.  J.Hill;  Huron R.  at  Ypsilanti— Lyons;  Macomb  Co.— Cooley. 

Water-Milfoil.      36?.  tenellum,  Bigel.  (?) 

PROSERPINACA 

Mermaid-  368.    pallistl'is,  L, 

In  swamps  along  with  Alopecurus  arislalatus,  and  Litdwigia palustris. 

Freq. 

HIPPUR1S. 

Mare's-Taii.         369.  vulgaris,  L.  Th. 

L.  Sup.— Can.  Cat.;  S.  Mich— Wright  Cat.  Eare. 

0NAGKACEJ3. 

(Evening-Primrose  Family.) 

CIRC^EA 

Enchanter's        370.  Lutetiana,  L.  Th. 

Night-shade.  Woods.  Very  common. 

Enchanter's  371.    alpiua,  L.  Th. 

Nightshade.  Woodg  Common. 

GAURA 

Gaura.  372.  biennis,  L.  S. 

Dr.  Wright. 
EPILOBIUM 
Great  Willow-      373.  spicatum,  Lam.     (***)  Th. 

vwV'wA^ri  Springs  up  abundantly  where  forests  have  been  burned  over,  hence  one 

j  ire.Tv  eeu.  common  name. 

374.  origanifolium,  Lam.  U.  P. 

"Upper  Wisconsin  and  Michigan  "—Gray. 

Linear*ieaved      375.  palustre,  L.,  var.  lineare,  Gr. 

Hubbardston  (!);  Flint;  Stanton  (!);  and  north  to  L.  Sup.    Infrequent  in 
C.  and  rare  or  not  at  all  in  S. 

Downy  wii  376.   niolle,  Toit.  C.  &  S. 

Hubbardston  (!);  Flint;  Lansing  (!;;  Ann  Arbor;  Macomb  Co.,  etc.    Prob- 
ably Th.  Frequent. 

377.  coloratura,  Muhl.  Th. 

Common. 
OENOTHERA 

Evening  Prim-      378.  biennis,  L.     (***)  Th. 

rose.  v         ' 

Common. 

EveningPrim-      379.  biennis,  L.,  var.  muricata,  Lindl.  Th. 

L.  Sup.— Can.  Cat.;  Petoskey  (!);  Ionia  (!),  etc. 

EveningPrim      380.  biennis,  L.  var.  grandinora,  Lindl. 
rose-  L.  Sup.— Can.  Cat. 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


33 


Sundrops. 


Small  Oeno- 
thera. 


False  Loose- 
strife. 
Seed-box. 

False  L. 
False  L. 


Water  Purs- 
lane. 


381.  fruticosa,  L.  C.  &  S. 

Palo,  Ionia  Co.  (!);  Flint;  Macomb  Co.;  Ann  Arbor— Al linen. 1.  Cat. 

Infrequent. 

382.  pumila,  L.     (includes  (E.  chrysantha,  Mx.)  Th. 

Ontonagon  Falls— Whitney  Cat.;  So.  Mich.— Wr.  Cat.  Infrequent. 

LUDYVIGIA 

383.  alternifolia,  L.  S.  W, 

Dr.  Wright. 

384.  spha3rocarpa,  Ell.     (?) 

Near  Detroit— Dr.  Cooley. 

385.  polycarpa,  Short  &  Peter.  C.  &  S. 

Dr.  Pitcher  and  Dr.  Clark.  Rare. 

386.  palustris,  Ell.  L.  P. 

Common. 


LYTHRAOEiE. 

{Loosestrife  Family.) 

AMMANNIA 

Ammannia.  387.    liumilis,  Mx.  S. 

"Michigan,  111.,  and  southward"— Gray.  Rare. 

LYTHRUM. 
Loosestrife^         388.  alatam,  Ph.  S. 

Near  Detroit— Cooley  MS.;  S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat.;  Kalamazoo— Tuthill. 
NES^EA 
swamp  l.  389.  verticillata,  HBK.  C.  &  S. 

Crystal  Lake,  Montcalm  Co.  (!);  Flint;   Birmingham,  Oakland  Co.  (!);  So. 
Haven,  etc.  Infrequent. 


Prickly  Pear. 
Indian  Fig. 


CACTACEiE. 

{Cactus  Family.) 


OPUNTIA 


390.  Rafiriesquii,  Engelm. 


Common  in  Newaygo  Co.  along  the  Muskegon  R.  (!)  ("a  quite  spiny 
form"  Engelmann),  and  a  stunted  variety  on  sand  barrens  near  Green- 
ville (!)— Mr.  Satterlee;  also,  northward  into  British  Am.— Engelmann. 
O.  vulgaris  does  not  occur. 


One-seeded 
Star  Cucum 
ber. 


Wild  Balsam 
apple. 


CUCURBITAOE^E. 

{Gourd  Family.) 

SICYOS 

391.  angulatus,  L. 

Put-in  Bay,  Lk.  Erie  (!),  and  undoubtedly  within  our  limit?. 
ECHLNOCYSTIS 

392.  lobata,  Torr.  &  Gr.  0.  &  S. 

Common  in  low  woods  along  streams.  Ionia  (!);  Lansing  (!);  So.  Haven; 
Macomb  County;  Ann  Arbor— Allmcnd.  Cat.,  etc.  Cultivated  in  the 
east  for  arbors,  window-screens,  etc.,  but  rarely  here. 


3, 

Hare. 


34 


Carpet-weed. 


MICHIGAN  FLOKA. 

FICOIDE^E. 

(Fig  Family.) 

MOLLUGO 

393.  verticillafca,  L. 

Roadsides  and  sandy  fields. 


0.  &  s. 

Common. 


Water  Penny- 
wort. 


Water  Penny- 
wort. 


Black  Snake- 
root. 
Saniele. 


UMBELLIFERA 

(Parsley  Family.) 

HYDKOCOTYLE 

394.  Americana,  L. 

Common  in  C. 

395.  umbellata,  L. 


L.  P. 


Pine  Lake,  Lansing  (!);  Woodard  Lake,  Ionia  Co.  (!);  S.  Mich.— Wright 
Cat.,  etc.  Much  rarer  than  the  preceding.  Either  grows  on  sandy  shores 
or  is  wholly  aquatic,  with  floating  leaves. 


Saniele. 


Rattlesnake 
Master. 
Bntton  Snake- 
root. 
Eringo. 


Polyta3nia. 


Cow-parsnip. 


Parsnip. 


SANICULA 

396.  Canadensis,  L.     (***) 

Hnbhardston  (!);    Flint;  Ann  Arbor— All.   Cat.,  etc. 
woods. 

39?.  Marylandica,  L.     (***) 

Oak  woods. 
EKYNGIUM 

398.  yuccpefolium,  Mx. 


(,**) 


Dr.  Wright. 


Cowbane. 


Hairy  Arch- 
angelica. 


Great  Angel- 
ica. 


Hemlock- 
Parsley. 


TOLYT^ENIA 

399.  Nuttallii,  DO. 

Dr.  Wright,  also  Gray. 
HERACLEUM 

400.  lanatum,  Mx.     (***) 

Low  ground;  tall  and  coarse. 
PASTINACA 

401.  saliva,  L. 

Fields,  etc. 
ARCHEMORA 

402.  rigida,  DO. 


0.  &S. 

Beech  and  maple 
Infrequent. 

Th. 

Common. 

s.  w. 

Rare. 


8. 

Rare. 

Th. 

Common. 


Infrequent. 


0.  &s. 


Hubbardston(!);  Ann  Arbor.— All.  Cat.,  etc.  Not  much  N.  of  lat.  43°.  Infr. 


403.  rigida,  DC,  var.  ambigua,  T.  &  Gr. 

Dr.  Wright. 
ARCHAKGELICA 

404.  hirsuta,  Torr.  &  Gr.     (***) 


S. 


L.  P. 


Emmet  Co.— Winch.  Cat.;  Lansing (!);   Pontiac(l);  Detroit,   etc.    Dry 


banks  and  open  woods 

405.  atropurpurea,  Hoffman.     (***) 

Occasional  in  S.,  common  in  C.  &  N. ;  also,  L.  Sup.— Can.  Cat 
SELIXUM 

406.  Canadense,  Mx.     (***) 

Ann  Arbor— All.  Cat. ;  Macomb  Co.;  Flint;  Hubbardston(!);  and  north. 

Infr. 


Infr. 
Th. 


Th, 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


35 


Meadow-Pars* 
nip. 


Meadow-Pars- 
nip. 


Meadow-Pars- 
nip. 


Alexanders. 


Spotted-Hem- 

lock. 

Beaver-Poison. 

Musquash-root. 

Bulbous 
Cicuta. 


"Water- Pars- 
nip. 


Water-Pars- 
nip. 


Honewort. 

Chervil. 

Sweet  Cicely. 
Hairy  S.  C. 


Poison  Hem- 
lock. 


Harbinger-of- 
S  prin  g. 
Pepper-and- 
Salt. 


THASPIUM 

407.  aureum,  Nutt.  Th. 

Macomb  Co.;  Ann  Arbor— Miss  Allmcndinger;  Sag.  Bay,  and  Drummond's 
Is.— Winch.  Cat.    Not  observed  in  Grand  It.  Valley,  nor  S.  W.  Freq. 

408.  aureum,  Nutt,  var.  apterum,  Gr. 

Low  ground;  very  common  in  C. 

409.  trifoliatum,  Gr. 

Flint;  Put-in  Bay  (!);  and  S.  TV.— Dr.  Wright. 
PIMPENELLA 

410.  integerrima,  Benth.  &  Hook. 

Dry  soil.    Very  abundant  in  Grand-Saginaw  Valley. 
CICUTA 

411.  maculata,  L.     (***) 


C.  &  S. 
C.  &  S. 

Rare. 

Th. 

Common. 

Th. 


Low  meadows  and  swamps.    Roots  tuberous  like  the  dahlia,  and  very 
poisonous.  Com. 

412.  bulbifera,  L.  Th. 

Swamps.  Common. 

SIUM 

413.  cicutsefolium,  Gmelin.     (  ***  )  Th. 

Clinton  Co.  (!);  S.  Mich.— Winch.  Cat.,  etc.  Frequent. 

BEKULA 

414.  anguBtifolia,  Koch.     (***)  S. 

Winchell,  and  Dr.  Gray.  Infrequent. 

CRYPTOTzENIA 

415.  Canadensis,  DO.  C.  &  S. 

Low  woods.  Common. 

CH^EROPHYLLUM 

416.  procumbens,  Urantz.  C.  &  8. 

Low  woods.    Frequent  in  Grand  River  Valley  (!);  also  Macomb  Co. 
OSMORRHIZA 

417.  longistylis,  DC.  Th. 

Cultivated  in  gardens  for  its  aromatic  l-oot.  Common. 

418.  brevistylis,  DC.  Th. 

"The  prevailing  species."— Winchell.    Probably  true  of  counties  along 
the  Huron  shore. 

CONIUM 

419.  maculatum,  L.      (  * ) 

Infrequent  in  C.  &.  S.    Common  at  Mackinac— Winch.  Cat. 
ERIGENIA 

420.  bulbosa,  Nutt.  O.  S  3. 

V  delicate  little  plant  in  low  woods,  the  flowers  peeping  from  under 
matted  leaves  in  earliest  spring,  often  before  the  snow  is  gone. 

Common. 


Co  in  num. 


Th, 


Spikenard. 


Bristly  Sar- 
saparilla. 
Wild  Elder. 


ARALIACEjE. 

(Ginseng  Family.) 

ARALIA 

421.  racemosa,  L.     (***) 

Spicy-aromatic;  sometimes  cultivated. 

422.  hispida,  Ventenat.     (  ***  ) 

Apparently  not  south  of  the  pine  region. 


Th. 
Frequent. 

C.  N.  &  U.  P. 

Common. 


36 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


"Wild  Sarsapa- 
rilla. 

Ginseng. 


Ground-nut. 
Dwarf  Gin- 
seng. 


423.  nudicaulis,  L.     ( 

424.  quinquef  olia,  Decsne.  and  Planch.     (  **  ) 


Th. 

Very  common. 

Th, 


425. 


Sault  Ste.  Marie;  Ludington  CD;  Stanton  (!),  in  great  abundance;  Hub- 
bardston(!);  Flint;  Macomb  Co.;  Southwest— Wright  Cat.,  etc.  Usually- 
rare,  but  so  common  in  places  that  it  has  been  dug  for  profit,  and 
nearly  exterminated.    Root  aromatic,  medicinal. 


trifolia,  Decsne.  &  Planch. 

Very  common  in  C. 


0.  &s. 


CORNACEiE. 
( Dogwood  Family. ) 


Dwarf  Cornel. 
Bunch-berry. 

Flowering 
Dogwood. 


Round-leaved 
Dogwood. 


Silky  Cornel. 
Kinnikinnick. 
Swamp  Dog- 
wood. 
Red-osier 
Dogwood. 


Panicled  Cor- 
nel. 


Alternate- 
leaved  C. 


Pepperidge. 
Tupelo.  Black 
•or  Sour  Gum. 


CORNUS 

426.  Canadensis,  L. 

Rare,  or  not  at  all  in  S. 

427.  florida,  L.     (*) 


N.  &  IT.  P. 

Very  Common. 

c.  &s. 


428.  circinata,  I/Her.     (**) 


429. 


430. 


431. 


Frequent  as  far  north  as  Grand-Saginaw  Valley,  usually  as  a  low  tree  in 
oak  woods.  Montcalm  Co.  is  its  northern  limit  (?).  Not  given  in  Wis- 
consin  State  Cat.  "Worthy  of  cultivation  for  itsshowv  white  blossoms, 
red  fruit,  and  autumn  foliage.  Frequently  blooms  when  only  a  bush, 
3-4  ft. 

Th. 

Frequent. 

c.  &s. 

Indians  use  the  inner  bark  for  smoking. 

Th. 

borders  of  streams,  etc.;  abundant  on  sand  dunes  of  Emmet 

Very  Common. 


sericea,  L.     (**) 

Perhaps  further  north. 

stolonifera,  Mx. 

Marshes, 

Co.  (!) 


paniculata,  L'Her. 

The  white  flower  eagerly  devoured  by  partridges. 

432.  al  tern  if  olia,  L. 

Banks.    The  dead  steins  bright  yellow. 
NYSSA 

433.  multiflora,  Wang. 


L.  P. 

Common. 

L.  P. 

Frequent. 

c.  &  s. 


Edges  of  swamps  as  far  north  as  Gratiot  Co.(!).  A  small  or  medium-sized 
tree.    Largest  specimens  seen,  2  to  3  ft.  in  diameter.  Frequent. 


Twin  flower. 


Wolf-berr  y. 


Snowberrv. 


Snowberry. 

Indian  Cur- 

rant. 

-Coral-berry. 


LINN^A 

434.  borealis, 


CAPKIFOLIACEA 

(Honeysuckle  Family.) 


Gronovius. 


C  N.  &  IT.  P. 


Very  abundant  in  N.  &  U.  P. ;  south  to  Grand  river  valley,  and  S.  E.  to 
Macomb  Co.    Probably  in  S.  W. 


SYMPHORICARPUS 

435.  occidentals,  K.  Br. 

Ft.  Gratiot— Austin;  N.  Mich.— Gray. 

436.  racemosus,  Mx. 


C.  N.  &  U.  P. 

Rare. 

C.  N.  &  IT.  P. 


Along  theGreat  Lakes.  Saginaw  bav,  and  Alpena  Co.— Winchell;  L.Sup.- 
Can.  Cat.    Not  observed  in  interior  of  L.  P.    Common  in  cultivation. 

437.  racemosus,  Mx.,  var.  pauciflorus,  Bobbins.  IT.  P. 

Dr.  Robbins. 

438.  vulgaris,  Mx.     (?)  S. 


MICHIGAN  FLOIIA. 


3? 


Small  Honey- 
suckle. 


LONICERA 

439.  parviflora,  Lam. 


Small   Honey- 
suckle. 


Hairy  H. 


American 
Woodbine. 


Fly-Honey- 
suckle. 


Mountain  F. 


Swamp  F. 


Bush  Honey, 
suckle. 


Horse- 
Gentian. 
Fever-wort. 


Common 
Elder. 
Sweet  Elder, 

Red-berried 
Elder. 


L.  Sup.— Whitney's  Cat.;  Petoskey(!1,  where  it  appears  distinct  from 
the  next;  Ann  Arbor— Miss  Allmendinger;  Macomb  Co. 

440.  parviflora,  Lam.,  var.  Douglasii,  Gr. 

Ionia(!);  Montcalm  Co.(!);  Ann  Arbor— All.  Cat.,  etc.  This  and  the 
former  apparently  run  together  in  C,  forms  occurring  that  do  not 
answer  well  to  Gray's  description  of  either  species.  Flowers  bright 
yellow  to  crimson  purple;  corolla  downy  or  nearly  smooth;  leaves 
glaucous.    Swamps  or  dry  soil.  Common. 

441.  hirsuta,  Eaton.  Th. 

Frequent  northward;  rare  in  C.  &  S.,  Flint,  and  Macomb  Co. 

442.  grata,  Alton. 

Dr.  Lyons. 

443.  involucrata,  Banks.  U.  P. 

Mainland  and  Isle  Royale. 

444.  ciliata,  Muhl.  Th. 

Common  in  C. 

445.  ccerulea,  L.  U.  P. 

Dr.  Lyons. 

446.  oblongifolia.  Th. 

Macomb  Co.;  Stanton(!);  Edmore(!);  Isabella  Co.  (!),  etc.  More  frequent 
in  N.  &  U.  P.    Rare  in  S. 


DIERVILLA 

447.  trifida,  Mcench.     (***) 

Rocky  woods  and  bluffs. 
TRIOSTEUM 

448.  perfoliatum,  L.     (**) 

Clinton  Co.(!);  Ionia  Co.(!);  Flint;  Macomb  Co.,  etc. 
SAMBUCU3 

449.  Canadensis,  L.     (*) 

Follows  settlements. 

450.  pubeus,  Mx. 


Th. 

Very  common. 

c.  &s. 

Frequent. 


Com. 

Th. 


Sweet  Vibur- 
num.' 

Black  Haw. 
Withe-rod. 

Arrow-wood. 

Downy  A. 

Maple-leaved 

A. 

Dockmackie. 

Few-flowered 
A. 

Cranberry 
tree. 

Bush  Cran- 
berry. 


More  northern  in  its  range  than  the  last.    Variety  with  dissected  leaves 
seen  in  Clare  county. 

VIBURNUM 

451.  Lentago,  L. 

Frequent  in  C.  and  S.,  and  probably  Tb. 

prunifolium,  L.  S. 

Dr.  Lyons. 

nudum,  L. 


452. 
453. 


Macomb  Co.;   Hubbardston  (!);   Stanton  (!); 
Houghton  Lk.  (!);  to  L.  Superior. 


Rivcrdale, 


Th. 

Gratiot  Co.  (!); 
Frequent. 


454.  dentatum,  L. 

Lansing— Bailey;  Macomb  Co.— Cooley. 

pubescens,  Ph. 


455, 
45G 


acerifolium,  L. 


457.  paucinorum,  Pylaie. 

Dr.  LyonF. 

458.  Opulus,  L.     (***) 

Swamps  and  borders  of  streams. 


Infr. 

Th. 

Common. 

L.  P. 

Freq. 
U.   P. 

Th. 

Com. 


38 


MICHIGAN  FLOBA. 


Hobbie-bush.       459.  lantanoides,  Mx. 

American  Way- 
faring tree. 


U.  P. 

Whitney's  Cat.   Mr.  Whitney  found  none  of  the  sp.  abundant  in  the  U.  P. 


Cleavers. 
Goose  Grass. 

Rough  Bed- 
straw. 


Small  B. 
Small  B. 
Small  B. 


Sweet-scented 
B. 


Hairy  B. 


Wild  Liquor, 
ice. 


Wild  Liquor- 
ice. 


Northern  Bed- 
straw. 


Button-bush. 


Partridge- 
berry. 


Houstonia. 

Houstonia. 

Houstonia. 
Bluets. 


RUBIAGE^E. 

{Madder  Family) 

GALIUM 

460.  Aparine,  L.     (  ***  ) 

461.  asprellum,  Mx. 

462.  concinnum,  Torr.  &  Gray. 

Flint;  and  Ann  Arbor.— All.  Cat. 

463.  trifidum,  L.  var.  pusillum,  Gr. 

Sphagnous  swamps.    Common  in  C. 

464.  trifidum,  L.,  var.  tinctorum,  Gr.     (***) 

Shore  of  Sag.  Bay.— Winch.  Cat.,  etc. 

465.  trifidum,  L.,  var.  latifolium,  Gr. 

466.  triflorum,  Mx. 

Freq.  in  C.  &  S.,  and  very  abundant  northward. 

467.  pilosum,  Aiton. 

Frequent  as  far  north  as  Grand-Saginaw  Valley. 

468.  circaezans,  Mx. 


Th. 
Th. 

Freq. 

c.  &s. 

Rare. 

Th. 

Th. 

0.  &  S. 

Infrequent. 

Th. 
C.  &  S. 

o.&s. 

Common. 

Th. 

and  S. 
Infr. 


469.  lanceolatum,  Torrey. 

Riverdale,  Gratiot  Co.  (!);  Hubbardston  (!);  Flint;  Macomb  Co 
Mich.— Wr.  Cat.;  also,  L.  Sup.— Whitney. 

470.  boreale,  L. 

Galium  verum  has  run  wild  in  a  few  places.  Very  common. 

CEPHALANTHUS 

471.  occidentals,  L.     [***)  L.  P. 

Swamps  and  flooded  river-bottoms.  Very  common. 

MITCHELLA 

472.  repens,  L.     (***)  Th. 

Prefers  beech  and  maple,  hemlock,  or  pine  woods, 
under  oaks. 

HOUSTONIA 

473.  purpurea,  L.     (?) 

Ann  Arbor— Winch.  Cat. 

474.  purpurea,  L.,  var.  longifolia,  Gr. 

Ionia(!),  common;  Clare  Co.(!),  abundant,  etc.;  to  L. 

475.  purpurea,  L.,  var.  ciliolata,  Gr. 

Dr.  Wright. 

476.  coorulea,  L.     (?) 


and  is  seldom  found 
Common. 


Th. 

Sup.— Can.  Cat. 

s. 


Valerian. 


VALEKIANACE^E. 

( Valerian  Family. ) 


VALEKIANA 

477.  sylvatica,  Mx. 


Sphagnous  swamps,  local.    Frequently  cultivated.    C.  &  S.,  and  probably 


MICHIGAN  FLORA, 


Valerian.  478.    edulis,  Nutt. 

Ann  Arbor  and  Macomb  county. 
FEDIA 

479.  Fagopyrum,  Torr.  &  Gr. 

Flint;  Ionia (!);  Lyons(!),  etc. 

Lamb-Lettuce.      480.  radiata,  Mx. 

Mich.— Gray;  Macomb  Co.— Cooley 


Corn-Salad. 
Lamb-Lettuce 


S.  E. 

Hare. 

c.  &  s. 

Not  common. 

c.  &  s. 

Rare. 


Wild  Teasel. 


DIPSACE/E. 

(Teasel  Family.) 
DIPSACUS 

481.  sylvestris,  Mill. 


C.  &  S. 


Fields  and  roadsides.    Gratiot  Co.(!);  Ann  Arbor;  Detroit(!);  Flint,  etc. 

Infrequent. 


Iron- Weed. 


Iron- Weed. 


Blazing-Star. 


Button-Snake- 
root. 


Blazing-Star. 


Blazing-Star. 
Gay  Feather. 

Blazin^-Star. 


Kuhnia. 


Joe-Pye  Weed 


Tall  Boneset. 

Smooth  Bone 
set. 

Thorough- 
wort. 
Boneset. 

White  Snake- 
root. 


COMPOSITE. 

(Composite  Family.) 

VERNONIA 

482.  Baldwinii,  Gr. 

River  banks.    Flint;  S.  Mich.— Wright's  Cat. 

483.  fasciculata,  Michx. 


0.  &  S. 

Infrequent. 

C.  &  8. 


River  banks.     Ionia  Co.(!);   Macomb  Co.;  Lansing,  and   •South  Haven- 
Bailey.  Common. 


LIATRIS 

484.  squarrosa,  Willd.     (***) 


C.  &  S. 


Montcalm  Co.(!);  Macomb  Co. ;  Ann  Arbor;  Grand  Rapids.   Dry  soil. 

Infrequent. 


485.  cylindracea,  Michx. 

Ionia  Co.(!);  Macomb  Co.,  and  southward. 


C.  &  s. 

Iterile  open  places. 

Not  common. 


486.  scariosa,  Willd.     (***)  C.  &  S. 

Rarely  the  flowers  vary  to  white.    Dry  soil.  Frequent. 

487.  spicata,  Willd.     (***)  C.  &  S. 

Low  grounds.    Near  Lansing;  Ionia  Co.(!);  Macomb  Co.        Infrequent. 

488.  pyenostachya,  Michx.  S. 

Barrens.    Near  Mont  Lake— Miss  Clark;  Grand  Rapids— Coleman" 

Infrequent. 

KUHNIA 

489.  eupatorioides,  L. 

Ionia  Co.(!);  S.  Mich.— Winch.  Cat. 
EUPATORIUM 

490.  purpureum,  L.     (***) 

Low  grounds. 

491.  altissimum,  L.     (?) 

492.  sessilifolium,  L. 

Copses.    Macomb  Co. ;  S.  Mich.— Winch.  Cat. 

493.  perforatum,  L.     (*) 

Low  grounds. 

494.  ageratoides,  L. 


0.  &  S. 

Infrequent. 

Th. 

Common. 

s. 
s. 


Woods. 


Th. 
Common* 
Th. 
Frequent* 


40 


MICHIGAN  FLOKA. 


Mist- Flower. 


Sweet  Colts- 
foot. 


Coltsfoot. 


Adenocaulon. 


"White  Topped 
Aster. 


Starwort. 
Aster. 

Large-leaved 
Aster. 

Silky  Aster. 


Spreading 
Aster. 


Smooth  Aster. 


Azure  Aster. 


"Wavy  Aster. 


Heart-leaved 
Aster. 


Arrow-leaved 
Aster. 

Heath-like 
Aster. 

Many-flowered 
Aster. 


Tradescants' 
Aster. 


Dwarf  Aster. 
Pale  Aster. 


Thin-leaved 
Aster. 


Flesh-colored 
Aster. 


CONOCLINIUM 

495.  coelestinum,  1)0. 

"Rich  soil.    Michigan."— Gray. 
NARDOSMIA 

496.  palmata,  Hook. 

"Swamps,  Michigan,  rare."— Gray. 

TUSSILAGO 

497.  Far  far  a,  L.     (***) 

Sault  de  Ste.  Marie— "Whitney's  Cat. 
ADENOCAULON 

498.  bicolor,  Hook. 

Moist  ground.    Ontonagon  River. 
SERICOCARPUS 

499.  conyzoides,  N"ees.  (?) 
ASTER 

500.  corymbosus,  Ait. 

Woods. 

501.  macrophyllas,  L. 

"Woods.  s 

502.  sericeus,  Vent. 

S.  Michigan— Winch.  Cat.;  Dr.  D.  Houghton. 

BARRENS 

503.  patens,  Ait. 

Dry  grounds.    AnnArhor;  Macomb  Co. 

504.  Isevis,  L.,  var.  lsevigatus,  Gray. 

Border  of  oak  woods. 

505.  azureus,  Lindl. 

Sterile  soil.    Flint;  Ann  Arhor;  Ionia  Co.  (!);  Macomb  Co. 

506.  undulatus,  L. 

Dry  copses.    Flint;  Lansing(!);  S.Mich. 

507.  cordifolius,  L. 

Woods. 

508.  sagittifolius,  Willd. 

Dry  grounds. 

509.  ericoides,  L.,  var.  "villosus,  Gr. 

Dry  places.    AnnArhor;  Flint;  Drummond's  Is. 

510.  multiflorus,  Ait. 

Sandy  soil. 

511.  dumosus,  L. 

Thickets.    Macomb  Co. ;  Petoskey— Dr.  D.  Clark. 

512.  Tradescanti,  L. 

Low  grounds. 

513.  miser,  L.,  Ait. 

Fields.    Exceedingly  variable. 

514.  simplex,  Willd. 

Shady  banks.    Flint,  etc. 

515.  tenuifolius,  L. 

Low  grounds.    Flint;  Macomb  Co. 

516.  carnens,  Nees. 

Moist  soil.    Flint;  Macomb  Co. 


N. 


U.  P. 


Th. 

Infrequent. 

Th. 

Common. 

s. 


S.  E. 
C.  &S. 

Common. 

0.  &s. 

Infrequent. 

s. 

Common. 

Th. 

Common. 

Th. 

Frequent. 


0.  &s. 

Common. 

L.  P. 

O.  &  S. 

Frequent. 

L.  P. 

Common. 

L.P. 

Frequent. 

0.  &s. 

Frequent. 

L.  P. 

Frequent. 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


41 


Long-leaved 
Aster. 


New  England 
Aster. 


Grass -leaved 
Aster. 


Horse  "Weed. 
Butter  Weed. 


Robin's  Plan- 
tain. 


Common  Flea- 
bane. 


Daisy  Flea- 
bane. 

Sweet  Scabi- 
ous. 

Daisy  Flea- 
bane. 


Double-bris- 
tled Aster. 


Double-bris- 
tled Aster. 


Golden-rod. 


Golden-rod. 


Golden-rod. 


Golden  rod. 
Golden-rod. 


517.  sestivus,  Ait.  Th. 

Swamps.    Ionia  Co.  (!);  Flint;  Macomb  Co.,  etc.  nent. 

518.  longifolius,  Lam.  Th. 

Moist  grounds.    Ann  Arbor— Winch.  Oat.;  U.  I'.-W  hitney  Oat. 

Infrequent. 

519.  puniceus,  L.  Th. 

Low  grounds.  Common. 

520.  puniceus,  L.,var.  vimineus,  Gray. 

Kent  Co.;  Flint. 

521.  NovsB-Angliae,  L.  C.  I 

Moist  grounds.    "Worthy  of  cultivation.  uent. 

522.  graminifolius,  Pursh.  I ".  P, 

"Lake  Superior,  and  northward  "-  Gray;  Dr.  Lyons. 

523.  acuminatus,  Michx. 

S.  Mich.— Wright's  Cat.;  U.  P.— Whitney's  Cat. 

524.  ptarmicoides,  Torr.  and  Gray.  Th. 

S.  E.  Michigan;  Macomb  Co.;  and  northward, 
ERIGERON 

525.  Canadense,  L.     (*)  Th. 

"Waste  grounds.  Common. 

526.  acre,  L.  U.  P. 

"Shores  of  Lake  Superior"— Gray;  Dr.  A.  B.  Lyons. 

527.  bellidifolium,  Muhl.  0.  &  S. 

Moist  banks.  Frequent. 

528.  Philadelphicum,  L.     (*)  Th. 

Low  grounds.  Common. 

529.  glabellum,  Nutt.  U.  P. 

Plains.    Dr.  A.  B.  Lyons. 

530.  annuum,  Pers.     (***)  L.  P. 

Fields.  '»>"»■ 

531.  strigosum,  Muhl.  Th. 

Fields.  Common. 

DIPLOPAPPUS 

532.  linariifolius,  Hook. 

Dry  soil.    Dr.  A.  B.  Lyons. 

533.  umbellatus,  T.  &  G. 

Moist  places.    Ionia  Co.  (!); 

SOLID  AGO 

534.  bicolor,  L. 

Macomb  Co. ;  Ionia  Co.  (!). 

535.  bicolor,  L-,  var.  concolor,Gr. 


lint;  Macomb  Co. ;  and  northw; 


Th. 

rd. 
Frequent, 


Drv  places.    Ionia  Co.  (!);   Flint;   Macomb  Co.: 
r'ently  more  common  than  the  species. 


53 G.  latifolia,  L 


Th. 

and  oorthward.    A.ppa« 

Th, 

All  golden-rods  furnish  bees  with  pollen  and 


nev  some,  however,  more  abundantly  than  others.  A  great  many 
ints,  in  fact,  furnish  bees  with  honey,  and,  contrary  to  a  common 
tion  among  " bee  men,"  almost  every  plant  one  meets,  especially  tl  it 
ve  showy  flowers,  is  quite  likely  to  be  "an  excellent  bee  plant. 


Moist  woods,  frequent, 
hoi 
plai 
notion 
have  showy  Q.o\ 

537.  csssea,  L. 

Rich  woods. 

538.  stricta,  Ait. 

Swamps.    Ingham  Co.  (!);  Ionia  Co.  (!);  and  northward. 
abundance  near  Lansing. 

-6 


L.  P. 

Frequent. 


<  >ccora  in  great 
Infrequent. 


42 

Golden-rod. 

Golden-rod. 
Golden.rod. 
Golden. rod. 

Golden-rod. 
Golden-rod. 

Golden-rod. 
Golden-rod. 
Golden-rod. 
Golden-rod. 

Golden-rod. 

Golden-rod. 
Golden-rod. 
Golden-rod. 
Golden-rod. 
Golden-rod. 
Golden-rod. 
Golden.rod. 
Golden-rod. 

Elecampane. 
Leaf-cup. 


Yellow  Leaf- 
cup. 


MICHIGAN"  FLOEA. 

539.  speciosa,  Xutf.  C.  &  S. 

Oak  woods.    Ionia  Co.  (!);  Flint;  Macomb  Co.;  and  southward. 

Frequent. 

540.  Virga-aurea,  L.,  var.  humilis,  Gr. 

Shores  of  L.  Michigan  from  So.  Haven  northward;  frequent  at  Petoskey. 

541.  Virga-aurea,  var.  L-,  alpina,  Bigel.  U.  P. 

Dr.  Gray. 

542.  rigida,  L.  0.  &  S. 

Dry,   sandv  ground.     Ionia  Co.(!);    Flint;   Ann  Arbor;    and   southward. 
Worthy  of  cultivation.  Infrequent. 

543.  thyrsoidea,  E.  Meyer.  U.  P. 

"  Wooded  sides  of  mountains."— Gray. 

54  i.  Ohioeusis,  Kiddell.  L.  P. 

Moist  meadows.    Ionia  Co.  (!);  Flint;  MacombCo.;  and  northward. 

Frequent. 

545.  Riddellii,  Frank.  L.  P. 

Swamps.    Ionia  Co.  (!);  Macomb  Co.;  and  northward.  Frequent. 

546.  Houghtonii,  Torr.  &  Gray. 

"  North  shore  Lake  Michigan."— Gray;  Drummond's  Is.— Winch.  Cat. 

547.  neglecta,  T.  &  Gr. 

Swamps.    Ionia  Co.,  and  northward.  Infrequent. 

548.  patula,  Muhl.  C.  &  S. 

Borders  of  swamps.  Common. 

549.  arguta,  Ait.  Th. 

Meadows  and  fields,  variable.    Varieties  juncea  and  scabrella  both  occur. 

Frequent. 

550.  Muhlenbergii,  Torr.  &  Gray. 

Low  grounds.    Ionia  Co.  (!);  Flint;  Grand  Rapids.— Coleman's  Cat. 

551.  altissima,   L.  Th. 

Borders  of  fields.  Common. 

552.  ulmifolia,  Muhl.  L.  P. 

Borders  of  woods.    Ionia  Co.  (!);  Flint;  S.  W.— Winch.  Cat.    Infrequent. 

553.  ii  em  oral  is,  Ait.  Th. 

Dry,  sandy  soil.  Common. 

554.  Canadensis,  L.  Th. 

Fields.  Common. 

555.  serotina,  Ait.  Th. 

Borders  of  woods.  Frequent. 

556.  gigantea,  Ait.  C.  &  S. 

Copses  and  fence  rows.  Common. 

557.  lanceolata,  L.  Th. 

Moist  soil.  Frequent. 

INULA 

558.  Helenium,  L.     (**) 

Roadsides,— escaped  from  gardens.  Infrequent. 

POLYMNIA 

559.  Canadensis,  L.  C.  &  S. 

Shaded  river  banks.    Ionia  Co.  (!);  Macomb  Co.;  Flint;  S.  Michigan. 

Infrequent. 

560.  Uvedalia,  L.     (***)  S. 

S.  Michigan,— Wright's  Cat. 


MICHIGAN   FLORA, 


43 


Rosin-weed. 

Compass 

Plant. 

Prairie  Dock. 


Cup- plant. 


Great  Rag- 
weed. 

Roman  Worm- 

wood. 

Rag-weed. 

Hog-weed. 

Bitter-weed. 

Common 
Cocklebur. 


0.  &  s. 


Ox-eye. 


Purple  Cone- 
flower. 


Cone-flower. 

Cone- flower. 
Cone-flower. 
Cone-flower. 


Sunflower. 
Sunflower. 
Sunflower. 

Sunflower. 
Sunflower. 


0. 

Abundant. 

c. 

&  s. 

Common. 

0. 

&  s. 

Co  mm  »n. 

SILPHIUM 

561.  laciniafcnm,  L.  S 

S.  Mich— Wright's  Cat. 

562.  terebinthinaceum,  L.     (***)  C.  &  S, 

Oak  openings.    Ionia(!);  Macomb  Co. ;  and  south  ward.      Infrequent 

563.  integrifolium,  Michx. 

S.  W.— University  Herb. 

564.  perfoliatum,  L. 

S.  Mich.— Wright's  Cat. 
AMBROSIA 

565.  trifida,  L.     (***) 

Low  grounds  along  Grand  and  Maple  Rivers,  abundant,  etc. 

566.  artemisiasfolia.     (***) 

Roadsides.    A  worthless  weed. 

XANTHIUM 

567.  strumarium,  L.,  var.  echinatum,  Gr.      (**) 

Waste  places  and  along  river  banks. 
HELIOPSIS 

568.  lsevis,  Pers.,  var.  scabra,  Gr. 

Banks. 
ECHINACEA 

569.  purpurea,  Mceuch. 

Uniy.  Herb. 
RUDBECKIA 

570.  laciniata,  L.     (***) 

Low  grounds. 

571.  speciosa,  Wenderoth. 

Dry  soil.    Ionia  Co.  (!);  Flint;  Macomb  Co. ;  Ann  Arbor. 

572.  fulgida,  Ait. 

Ann  Arbor.— Miss  Clark;  Grand  Rapids. —Coleman's  Cat.,  etc 

573.  hirta,  L. 

Dry  soil. 
LEPACHYS 

574.  pinnata,  T.  &  G. 

Dry  ground.    Ionia  Co.  (!);  Grand  Rapids;  S.  Mich. 

HELIANTHUS 

575.  rigidus,  Desf. 

Dry  soil.    Ann  Arbor.— Winch.  Cat. 

576.  lsetiflorus,  Pers. 

Grand  Rapids.— Coleman's  Cat. 

577.  occidentals,  Riddell. 


S.  \\\ 


Th. 

Frequent. 

o.  &  s. 

Frequent. 

o.  &  s. 

Th. 

Common. 

0.  &  s. 

Infrequent. 


S. 


c.  &  s. 


Sterile  soil.    Ionia  Co.  (!);  Flint;  Grand  Rapids;  Macomb  Co. ;  etc. 

InfrequenL 

578.  giganteus,  L.  (  •  «  °- 

Low  grounds;  variable.  Ionia  Co.(t);  Flint;  Ann  Arbor;  Macomb  Co. 
Forms  of  this  and  the  following  species  are  very  puMllng.and  the  two 
ought  probably  to  be  considered  as  one  polymorphous  species.      \  om. 


579.  grosse-serratus,  Martens. 

Dry  plains.    Ionia (1);  Grand  Rapids,  etc. 


Frequent. 


44 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


Sunflower. 

580. 

divaricatus,  L.                                                        C.  &  S. 

Dry  woods.                                                                                             Common. 

Sunflower. 

581. 

strumosus,  L.                                                                C.  &  S. 

Dry  soil.                                                                                                Frequent. 

Sunflower. 

582. 

hirsutus,  Raf.                                                           C.  &  S. 

Dry  soil.    Flint;  Grand  Rapids,— Coleman's  Cat.;  Ann  Arbor;  and  S.  W. 

Sunflower. 

583. 

tracheliifoliits,  Willd.                                               0.  &  S. 

Copses.    Grand  Rapids.-Coleman's  Cat. ;  S.  Mich.— Wright's  Cat. 

Sunflower. 

584. 

decapetalus,  L.                                                           0.  &  S. 

Low  grounds.                                                                                      Frequent. 

Sunflower. 

5S5. 

doronicoides,  Lam.                                                   0.  &  S. 

Banks  of  Maple  and  Grand  River  (!);  Ann  Arbor;  and  Grand  Rapids. 

Jerusalem 

5SG. 

tulerosus,  L. 

Artichoke. 

Sparingly  escaped  from  gardens. 

ACTINOMERIS 

Actinomeris. 

587. 

squarrosa,  Nutfc.                                                                   S. 

Coreopsis 


Coreopsis. 

589 

Coreopsis. 

500. 

Coreopsis. 

591. 

Coreopsis. 

592. 

Coreopsis. 

593. 

Coreopsis. 


Rich  soil.    S. 

COREOPSIS 

588.  lanceolata,  L. 

Sandy  shores  of  Lake  Huron;  Little  Traverse  Bay;  and  Lake  Superior. 
Worthy  of  cultivation  for  its  showy  flowers. 

verticillata,  L. 

Gray,  and  Lyons. 

pal  mat  a,  Nutt. 

S.  Mich.,— Wright's  Cat. 

tripteris,  L.  S. 

Detroit(l);  Macomb  Co. ;  Oakland  Co.(!);  S.  Mich.— Wright's  Cat.  Not  seen 
in  C.  and  W.  part  of  the  State. 

aristosa,  Michx.  C.  &  S. 

Swamps.    Ionia  Co.(!);  Lansing  (!);  Grand  Rapids;  S.  Mich.— Univ.  Herb. 

Frequent. 

trichosperma,  Michx.  0.  &  S. 

Swamps.  Flint;  Montcalm  Co.  (!);  Ionia  Co.  (!);  S.  Mich.— Wright's  Cat. 
Common  in  pine  country,  infrequent  elsewhere.  Flowers  a  beautiful 
golden  yellow.  Frequently,  in  September,  swamps  of  large  size  may  be 
seen  so  full  of  this  Coreopsis  that  at  a  little  distance  they  seem  one 
mass  of  yellow. 

disco-idea,  Torr.  &  Gray. 

Wet  ground.    Ionia  Co.  Scarce. 


594. 


BIDEXS 

Common 
Beggar-ticks. 

595. 

frondosa,  L. 

Low  grounds.    A  troublesome  weed 

Swam]) 
Beggar-ticks. 

59G. 

ccmnata,  Muhl. 

Low  grounds. 

Nodding  Bur 
Marigold. 

597. 

cernua,  L. 

Wet  places. 

Bur-Mari- 
gold. 

598. 

chrysanthemoides,  Michx. 

Swamps. 

Water  Mari- 
gold. 

599. 

Beckii,  Torr. 

S.Mich.— Wright's  Cat.;  Ann  Arbor; 

in  the  central  part  of  the  State. 


c.  &s. 

Common. 

c.  &s. 

Common. 

c.  &s. 

Frequent. 

Th. 

Common. 
Wexford  Co.— Cooley.    Not  observed 


MICHIGAN"  FLORA.  45 

HELENIUM  ) 

Sneeze-weed.         600.    autumnille,  L.      (***)  (j.  &  gt 

River  banks.  Common. 

MARUTA 

Mayweed  601.    Cotlda,  DO.       (**)  Til. 

Dog  Fennel. 

Roadsides,  etc.  Everywhere  very  common. 

ACHILLEA 

Yarrow.1  602.  Millefolium,  L.     (**)  Th. 

Fields.  Common. 

LEUCANTHEMUM 

Ox-eye  Daisy.      603.  vulgare,  Lam.  Th. 

Meadows  and  pastures.    A  vile  weed,  becoming  frequent  in  E.  ft  3.  parts 
of  the  State. 

MATRICARIA 

60-1.  inoclora,  L. 

Flint.  Rare. 

TANACETUM 
Tansy.  605.  vulgare,  L.     (**) 

Escaped  from  gardens.  Frequent. 

606.  Huronense,  Nutt. 

Sand  dunes  at  the  head  of  Little  Traverse  Bay,  and  northward. 

Frequent. 

ARTEMISIA 

607.  borealis,  Pallas. 

"Shore  of  Lake  Superior  and  northward."— Gray. 

wild  worm         cog.  Canadensis,  Mich*.  C.  N.  &  U.  P. 

wood. 

Sand  dunes.    OttawaCo.;  Emmet  Co.;  to  Lake  Superior. 

609.  caudata,  Michx.  C.  &  S. 

Sandy  fields.    Ionia  Co.  (!);  Montcalm  Co.  (!);  S.  Haven.— Dai  ley. 

Infrequent. 

western  Mug.      610.  Ludoviciana,  Nutt.,  var.  gnaphalodes,  Gr.  S.  W. 

Dry  banks.    Niles.— J.  T.  Scoville;  Univ.  Herb. 

common  Mug-      611.  vulgaris,  L.     (***) 

wort'  Waste  places.  Infrequent 

Biennial  612.  biennis,  Willd. 

Wormwood.  A  road-side  weed,  lately  introduced  and  rapidly  extending  throughout 

the  State. 

wSwood.        613.  Absinthium,  L.      (*) 

Ionia  Co.  (!);  Flint;  Gratiot  Co.  (!).    Sparingly  escaped  from  gardens. 

614.  frigida,  Willd.  U.  P. 

M  Lake  Superior."— Gray. 
GNAPHALIUM  • 

Everlasting.        615.  decuiTens,  Ives.  Th. 

Fields.    Abundant  in  the  pine  region.     Cultivated  as  an  "  Immortelle  " 
in  Germany.  Common. 

commonEver-      616.  polycephalum,  Michx.     (***)  Th. 

lasting'  Fields.  Common. 

Low  cud.  617.  ulisfinosum,  L.  C  &  v. 

WPPfl 

Roadsides  in  clayey  soil.  Frequent. 

Purplish  c.  618.  purpureum,  L. 

Only  reported  from  Macomb  Co.  by  Dr.  D.  Cooley. 


46 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


Pearly  Evei 
lasting. 


Plantain- 
leaved  Ever- 
lasting. 


Fireweed. 


Indian  Plan- 
tain. 

Pale  Indian 
Plantain. 

Tuberous 
Indian  Plan- 
tain. 


Common 
Groundsel. 

Gclden  rag- 
wort. 

Squaw-weed. 
Life-root. 


Common 
Thistle. 


Pitcher's 
Thistle. 


Tall  Thistle. 


Swamp 
Thistle. 


Pasture 
Thistle.! 


Canada 
Thistle. 


AXAPHALIS 

619.  margaritacea,  Benth.  &  Hook.     (***) 

Montcalm  Co.  (!);  Petoskey  (!);  and  Mackinac. 
ANTENNARIA 

620.  plantaginifolia,  Hook. 

Dry  fields. 
ERECHTHITES 

621.  hieracifolia,  Raf.     (***) 

New  clearings. 
CACALIA 

622.  suaveolens,  L. 

Lodi.— Miss  Clark,  in  Winch.  Cat. 

623.  atriplicifolia,  L. 

Woods.    Ionia  Co.  (I);  S.  Mich.— Wright's  Cat. 

624.  tuberosa,  Nutt. 

S.  Mich.— Wright's  Cat. 
SENECIO 

625.  vulgaris,  L. 

Flint;  Macomb  Co.;  S.  W.  Mich.— Wright's  Cat. 

626.  aureus,  L. 

627.  aureus,  L.,  var.  obovatus,  Gr. 

More  common  southward. 

628.  aureus,  L.,  var.  Balsamitse,  Gr. 

Dry  ground.    Abundant  northward. 
ARNICA 


Infrequent. 

Th. 

Common. 

L.  P. 

Common. 


c.  &s. 

Frequent. 

s. 


Th. 

Common. 


Th. 


629.  mollis,  Hook. 


Shores  of  Lake  Superior  and  N.  W. 
Cat. 


U.    P. 

-Gray;  Copper  Harbor— Whitney's 


CNICUS 

630.  lanceolatus,  Hoffiri.  Th. 

Road-sides  and  fields.  Common. 

631.  Pitcheri,  Torr. 

Sand  dunes.  South  Haven;  and  northward  to  L.  Superior;  Sand  point, 
Saginaw  Bay.  Frequent. 

632.  undulatus  (Spreng.).  N.  &  U.  P. 

"  Islands  of  L.  Huron  and  Michigan."— Gray;  Drummond's  I.— Winch.  Cat. 

633.  discolor,  Muhl.  C.  &  S. 

Meadows.  Montcalm  Co.(!);  Ionia  Co.(!);  Flint;  and  southward.  Flowers 
sometimes  white.  Infrequent. 

634.  altissimus,  Willd.  C.  &  S. 

Dry  fields.    Ionia  Co.(!);  Flint;  Macomb  Co.  Infrequent. 

635.  muticus,  Ph.  Th. 

Swamps.    Flowers  sometimes  white.  Frequent. 

636.  pumilus,  Torr.  S. 

S.  W.  Mich.— Wright's  Cat.;  Grand  Rapids— Coleman's  Cat. 

637.  arvensis,  Hoffm.  Th. 

Fields.  A  vile  pest.  Infrequent  in  centre  of  the  State,  but  increasing 
rapidly,  and  already  troublesome  in  some  localities.  Our  Canada  thistle 
law  ought  to  be  rigidly  enforced. 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


4? 


ONOPORDON 

Cotton,  or 
Scotch 

Thistle. 

C38.  Acantlrium,  L. 

Grand   Rapids  (!). 

Rare 

LAPPA 

Burdock. 

639.  officinalis,  AH.,  var.  major,  Gr.     (**) 

Th. 

Waste  places. 

Common. 

CICHORIUM 

Succory  or 
Chicory. 

640.  Intylus,  L.     (***) 

Th. 

Ionia  Co. (!);  Flint;  Detroit,  etc.    Roadsides. 

Infrequent 

KRIGIA 

Dwarf  Dande-        641.    Vil'ffhlica,  Willd. 
lion.  °  ' 

Barrens.    N.  part  of  Clare  Co.(!) 

CYNTHIA 

Cynthia.  642.  Virginica,  Don.  C.  &  S. 

Moist  hillsides.  Frequent. 

HIERACIUM 
Canada  Hawk-      643.  Canadense,  Michx.     (***)  Th. 

weed-  Woods.  Frequent. 

Rough  Hawk-      644.  scabrum,  Michx.     (***)  Th. 

weed-                                      Woods.  Common. 

Long-bearded  645.    longipilum,  ToiT.  L.  P. 

Ilawkweed.                          Fields.    Macomb  Co.;  Traverse  City;  S.  W.-Wright  Cat.  Scarce. 

Hairy  Hawk-  646.  Gronovii,  L.      (***)  C.  &  S. 

weed-  Dry  soil.    Ionia  Co.(!);  Flint;  Macomb  Co.;  S.  W.  Mich.— Wright  Cat. 

Infrequent. 

Rattlesnake  647.  venosum,  L.      (***)  L.  P. 

weed.  Dry  soil  in  pine  woods,  or  on  Oakland.     A  form  has  been  seen  at  Ionia 

not  having  purple  veins  in  the  root  leaves.  Frequent. 

c.  &s. 


Panicled 

Ilawkweed. 


648.  paniculatum,  L. 

Lansing(!);  Macomb  Co.;  S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat. 


Scarce. 


White  Let- 
tuce. 


Tall  White 
Lettuce. 


Th. 

Common. 

Th. 

Frequent. 

Th. 


XABALUS 

649.  albus,  Hook.     (***) 

Woods. 

650.  altissimus,  Hook. 

Rich  woods. 

651.  racemosus,  Hook. 

Flint;  Macomb  Co.;  shore  of  L.  Mich.,  near  Sitting  Rabbit— Winch.  Cat. 
S.  W.— Wright  Cat.,  etc. 

652.  asper,  Torr.  &  Gray.     (?)  S. 

TARAXICUM 

653.  Dens-leonis,   Desf.     (*)  Th. 

Fields  everywhere. 
LACTUCA 

654.  Canadensis,  L.  Th. 

Rich  soil.  Frequent. 

Wild  Lettuce.      655.  integrifolia,  Bigel.     (?) 

wild  Lettuce.      656.  sanguinea,  Bigel.  0.  &  S. 

Hubbardston(!);  Gratiot  Co.(!),  etc. 

False  blue  657.    foliosa. 

Flint;  Macomb  Co.;  and  northward  to  L.  Superior. 


Dandelion. 


Wild  Lettuce. 


Common. 


Lettuce. 


48 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


wild  Lettuce.      658.  pulchella,  DO. 

"  Upper  Michigan,"  — Prof.  Porter. 

Wild  Lettuce.      659.  villosa,  Jacq. 

Macomb  Co.— Dr.  D.  Cooley. 

wild  Lettuce.      GGO.  Floridana,  Gsertn. 

Grand  Rapids— Coleman's  Cat. 


U.  P. 


SONCHUS 

Common   Sow-        661.    oUraCCllS,   L. 
T  h  i  s  1 1 G 

Waste  places.    Macomb  Co. ;  Montcalm  Co.  [\)\  northward  to  L.  Superior. 

Frequent. 

Th. 

Frequent. 


Spiny-leaved        CG5.   asper,  Vill. 

Sow-Thistle.  l       ' 

Waste  places. 

tSSi?w"  663>  arvensis>  L» 

Grand  Rapids— Coleman's  Cat. 


Cardinal 
Flower. 


Great  Lobelia. 
Blue  Lobelia. 


Kalm's  Lo- 
belia. 
Dwarf  Blue  L. 

Indian  To- 
bacco. 


LOBELIACEiE. 

(Lobelia  Family.) 

LOBELIA 

GG4.  cardinalis,  L.     (***)  Th. 

River  banks.    Flowers  rarely  rose-colored  or  even  white.     Showy  and 

easily  cultivated.  Common. 

GG5.  syphilitica,  L.     (***)  L.  P. 

Low  grounds.    Flowers  vary  to  white.  Common. 

6GG.  Dortmanna,  L.  U.  P. 

Isle  Royale— Dr.  A.  B.  Lyons. 

GG7.  spicata,  Lam.  L.  P. 

Oak  openings.  Frequent. 

GGS.  Kalmii,  L.  Th. 

Wet  banks,  and  rocks  along  shore.     Ionia  Co.  (!);   Ann  Arbor;    Oakland 

Co.  (!);  Petoskey{!);  to  L.  Superior.  Frequent. 


GGO.  inflata,  L.     (*) 


0.  &  S. 


Pastures.    Montcalm  Co.  (!);  Flint;  Macomb  Co.;  Oakland  Co.  (!);  Put-in 
Bay.  Scarce. 


CAMPANULACE^E. 
(Bell-flower  Family.) 
SPECULARIA 
S?;S"  Look       070.  perfoliata,  A.  DC. 

D'°        '  Gravelly  fields.    Clinton  Co,  (!);  S.  E.—Univei 


Harebell. 
Bluebell. 


Marsh  Bell- 
flower. 


Tall  Bell- 
flower. 


CAMPANULA 

671.  rotund  if  olia,  L. 


C.  &  S. 

sity  Herb,  etc.        Scarce. 


Th. 


A  very  pretty  species,  worthy  to  be  cultivated  in  every  garden.  A  can- 
escent  form  grows  at  Burt's  Lake,  Cheboygan  Co.— var.  canesnens, 
Hill.    Sandy  banks  and  lake  shores.  Common. 


672.  apari no-ides,  Ph. 

Wet  grassy  grounds. 

G?3.  Americana,  L. 


Th. 

Common. 

c.  &  s. 


Moist  woodlands.    Ionia  Co.  (!);  Flint;  Macomb  Co. ;  Ann  Arbor— Winch. 
Cat.  Frequent. 


Blue  Tangle, 
or  Blue  Huck- 
leberry. 

Black  Huckle- 
berry. 


Dwarf  Blue- 
berr3r. 


Canada  Blue- 
berry. 

Low  Blue- 
berry. 


Swamp  Blue- 
berry. 


Bilberry. 


MICHIGAN  FLORA.  49 

ERICACEAE. 

{Heath  Family.) 
GAYLUSSACIA 

674.  frondosa,  Ton*.  &  Gray. 

Low  copses.    Flint;  Ypsilanti  (!);  Ann  Arbor—  Winch.  Cat. 

675.  resinosa,  Torr.  &  Gray. 

Hillsides. 
VACCINIUM 

676.  Pennsylvanicum,  Lam.  Th. 

Dry  hills  and  barrens.    "  The  lowest  and  earliest-fruited  of  the  blueber- 
ries "—Gray,  Synopt.  Flora  of  N.  A.  Common. 

677.  Canadense,  Kalm.  Th. 

Swamps.  Common. 

678.  vacillans,  Solander.  Th. 

Barrens.    Common  northward,  but  rare  in  C.  ft  S.    This  species  furnishes 
large  quantities  of  berries  for  market  in  the  northern  lake  region. 


c.  &  s. 

Scarce. 

Th. 

Frequent. 


679.  corymbosum,  L. 

Swamps.    Yielding  abundantly;  variable. 

680.  uliginosum,  L. 


Th. 

Common. 


"Shore  of  Lake  Superior  "—Gray;  Isle  Royale  and  White  Fish  Ft.,  L.  Su- 
perior—Henry Gillman. 


U.  P. 

Pt.,  L.  I 

U.  P. 


Cowberry. 
Mountain 
Cranberry. 

Small  Cran- 
berry. 

Large 

American 

Cranberry. 


Creeping 
Snowberry. 


Bearberry. 


Trailing  Ar- 
butus.   May 
Flower. 
Ground 
Laurel. 


"Wintergreen. 
Checkerberry' 


Wild  Rose- 
mary. 


681.  cgespitosum,Michx.,  var.  cuneifolium,  Nutt. 

Gray,  Fl.  N.  A.;  Lyons. 

682.  myrtilloides,  Hook.  U.  P. 

-Damp  woods  L.  Superior."— Gray,  Fl.  N.  A. 

683.  ovalifolium,  Smith.  U.  P. 

Woods  Lake  Superior,  S.  shore— Robbins. 

684.  Vitis-Idsea,  L.  (?) 

N.  shore  L.  Superior— Dr.  A.  B.  Lyons;  and  probably  in  our  district. 

685.  Oxycoccus,  L.  Th. 

Sphagnous  Swamps.  Ann  Arbor;  Ionia  Co.  (!);andnorthwavd.   Infrequent. 

686.  macrocarpou,  Ait.  Th. 

Bogs.    The  common  Cranberry  of  the  market.  Common. 

CHIOGENES 

687.  hispidula,  Torr.  and  Gray.  Th. 

S.  Mich.— Wright's  Cat;  Ionia  Co.(!);  Montcalm  Co.  (!);  Fctoskey  (!),  etc. 
Sphagnous  Swamps.  Infrequent. 

AKCTOSTAPHYLOS 

688.  TJva-ursi,  Spreng.     (*)  Th. 

Sandy  soil.    Abundant  northward,  but  rare  S.  of  lat.  43°. 
EPIG^EA 

689.  repens,  L.     (***)  Th. 

Borders  of  marshes,  and  woods  in  sandy  soil.  Rare  S.,  frequent  in  ('.,  and 
common  northward.  Specimens  with  double  llowcrs  were  found  in  the 
vicinity  of  Hubbardston  in  1879. 

GAULTHERIA 

690.  procumbens,  L.     (*) 

Low  woods,  and  borders  of  swamps. 
ANDROMEDA 

691.  polifolia,  L 


Th. 

Common. 

Tli. 


Sphagnous  swamps,  S.  Mich.— Wright's  Cat. ;  Ionia  Co.(!).    Frequent. 

7 


50 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


CASSANDRA 

Leather-leaf.        692.  calyculata,  Don. 
Swamps. 


Th. 

Common. 


Sheep  Laurel. 
Lamb-kill. 

Swamp  Laur'l. 


KALMIA 

693.  angustifolia,  L.     (***) 

llillsides.    Tawas  City  and  Thunder  Bay,  common— Winch.  Cat. 

694.  glauca,  Ait.     (***)  Th. 

Bogs.    S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat. ;  Ionia  Co.(!);  Macomb  Co.;  northward. 

Infrequent. 


LEDUM 

Labrador  Tea.       695.   latifolium,  Ait.      (***) 


0.  N.  &  U.  P. 


Swamps  and  bogs.    Common  northward,  but  not  observed  south  of  Far- 
well,  Clare  Co. 


Pipsissewa. 
Prince's  Pine. 

Spotted 
Winterjrreen. 


CHIMAPHILA 

696.  umbellata,  Nutt.     (*)  Th. 

Pine  woods.  Common. 

697.  maeulata,  Pursh.     (***)  0.  &  S. 

Oak  woods.    Ionia( !) ;  Bangor  and  South  Haven,  Van  Buren  Co. ;  Fl  int. 

Rare  or  local. 


Moneses. 

Ore-flowered 

Pyrola. 


Shin-leaf. 
Wintergreen. 

Shin-leaf. 
AVintergreen. 

Shin-leaf. 
Wintergreen. 

Shin-leaf. 
Wintergreen. 


Pear-leaf 
Wintergreen. 


MONESES 

698.  uniflora,  Gray. 


Pine  forests.    Flowers  very  fragrant  when  a  little  wilted.     Montcalm 
Co.(!);  Flint;  Ft.  Gratiot— Winch.  Cat.;  and  northward.  Rare. 


PYROLA 

699.  minor,  L. 

"  Cold  woods,  L.  Superior  "—Gray. 

700.  secunda,  L. 

Rich  woods. 

701.  chlorantha,  Swartz. 

Pine  woods.    Rare  south  of  lat.  43° 

702.  elliptica,  Nutt. 


U.  P. 

Th. 

Common. 

C.  N.  &  U.  P. 

Frequent. 


Rich  woods.    Ann  Arbor;  Ionia  Co.(!);  northward  to  L.  Superior. 

Common. 


703.  rotundifolia,  L. 

Dry  oak  woods. 

704.  rotundifolia,  L.,  var.  asarifolia,  Hook. 

The  Cove,  L.  Huron— Winch.  Cat. 

705.  rotundifolia,  L.,  var.  uliginosa,  Gray. 

L.  Superior— Prof.  J.  Macoun. 


Th. 

Common. 


Pine-drops. 


Indian  Pipe. 
Corpse-plant. 


Pine  Sap. 
False  Beech- 
drops. 


PTEROSPORA 

706.  andromedea,  Nutt. 

Sitting  Rabbit— Winch.  Cat.;  Carp  river,  U.  P.— Whitney  Cat. 

MONOTROPA 

707.  uniflora,  L.  Th. 

Damp  woods.  Frequent. 

708.  Hypopitys,  L. 

Oak  and  pine  woods.    Macomb  Co.;  Ft.  Gratiot— Austin;  to  Ontonagon 
River,  L.  Superior— Whitney  Cat.  Infrequent. 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


51 


Black  Alder. 
Winterberry. 


Mountain 
Holly. 


ILEX 

709. 


AQUIFOLIACE^E. 

{Holly  Family.) 


verticillafca,  Gray.     (**)  Th. 

Low  grounds.  The  bright  red  berries  are  very  noticeable  in  swamps  dur- 
ing the  winter.  This  shrub  is  readily  transplanted,  and  should  be 
oftener  planted  in  small  grounds. 


NEMOPANTHES 

710.  Canadensis,  DC. 


Borders  of  swamps.    S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat. 
Flint;  Macomb  Co. ;  and  northward. 


Ionia  Co.(!); 


Th. 

Montcalm  Co. (!); 
Frequent. 


Common 
Plantain. 


Ripple-grass. 
Rib-grass. 
English 
Plaintain. 


PLANTAGINACEiE. 

{Plantain  Family.) 
PLANTAGO 

711.  cordata,  Lam.  C.  &  S. 

Borders  of  streams.    S.  Mich.— "Wright  Cat.;  Tuscola  Co.— "Winch.  Cat.; 
Ionia  Co.(!);  Clinton  Co.(!j;  Flint;  Macomb  Co.  Frequent. 

712.  major,  L.     (***)  Th. 

"Waysides  and  about  dwellings  everywhere.    Decaisne's  variety  minima 
occurs  in  salt  marshes,— Maple  river,  Clinton  Co.,  etc.  Common. 

713.  Rugelii,  Decaisne. 

"Waste  places.    Often  confounded  with  the  previous  species.    Frequent. 

714.  lanceolata,  L.     (***)  0.  &  S. 

Meadows  and  fields.  Too  common. 

715.  Virginica,  L.     ( ?) 

Coleman  Cat. 


Shooting  Star. 

American 

Cowslip. 


Primrose. 


Star-flower. 
Chickweed- 
"Wintergreen. 


Loosestrife. 
Loosestrife. 

Loosestrife. 


PRIMULACE^E. 
{Primrose  Family.) 

DODECATHEOX 

716.  Meadia,  L.  S. 

Moist,  shaded  grounds.    Gray,  Flora  of  X.  A. ;  Dr.  A.  B.  Lyons. 
PRIMULA 

717.  farinosa,  L.  N.  &  U.  P. 

Shores  of  Little  Traverse  Bay(!);  Drummond's  Island— Winch.  Cat.;  L 
Superior— Whitney  Cat. 

718.  Mistassinica,  Mx. 

S.  E.,— University  Herb;  Lake  Superior— Whitney  Cat. 
TRIEN  TALIS. 

719.  Americana,  Pursh.  Th. 

Damp  woods.  Common. 

STEIRONEMA 

720.  ciliatum,  Raf.  Th. 

Swamps.  Common. 

721.  lanceolatum,  Gray,  var.  hybridum,  Gr.  C.  &  S. 

Low  grounds.    Exceedingly  variable.  Frequent. 

722.  longifolium,  Gray.  C.  &  S. 

Banks  of  streams.    Ann  Arbor  and  Ft.  Gratiot— Winch.  Cat.;  Ionia  Co.(!); 
Flint,  etc.  Frequent. 


52 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


Loosestrife. 


Loosestrife. 


Tufted  Loose- 
strife. 


Common 
Pimpernel. 


Water  Pim- 
pernel. 


LYSIMACHIA 

723.  quadrifolia,  L.  C.  &  S. 

Sandy  soil.     Ann  Arbor— Winch.  Cat.;    Ionia   Co.f!);   Montcalm  Co.(!) 
"acomb  Co. 

Th. 


Flint;  Macomb  Co. 

724.  stricta,  Ait. 

Borders  of  marshes.  A  form  of  this  species  was  found  in  a  sphagnous 
swamp  near  Hubbardston,  hearing,  bulblets  in  the  axils  instead  of 
flowers.  Frequent. 

725.  thyrsiflora,  L.  Th. 

Swampy  soil.  Common. 

ANAGALLIS 

726.  arvensis,  L.     (***) 

Ann  Arbor— Mary  H.  Clark. 

SAMOLUS 

727.  Valerandi,  L.,  var.  Americanus,  Gray. 

Springy  places.  Common  aloDg  Maple  riven!);  Flint;  Macomb  Co.;  N. 
W.,— University  Herb. 


Bladderwort. 


Bladderwort. 


LENTIBULACE^E. 

(Bladderwort  Family.) 

UTKICULAKIA 

728.  vulgaris,  L. 


Bladderwort. 
Bladderwort. 


Butterwort. 


Th, 


Slow  streams.    Throat  of  corolla  orange,  veined  with  brown-purple. 

Frequent. 

729.  minor,  L.  Th. 

Shallow  water.    Ann   Arbor— Winch.   Cat.;   Hubbardston(l);   Montcalm, 
Co.(!). 

Th. 


Bladderwort.       730.  intermedia,  Hayne. 


Shallow  water.    Ann  Arbor— Winch.  Cat.;  Macomb  Co.;  northward. 

Infrequent. 

731.  gibba,  L. 

Old  Mission,  Grand  Traverse  Co.— E.  J.  Hill. 

732.  resupinata,  B.  D.  Greene. 

Very  abundant  on  the  east  shore  of  Woodard  lake,  in  Ionia  Co.,  the  only 
known  locality  in  the  State.  Was  found  near  Erie,  Pa.,  last  year.  Dr. 
Wright's  U.  purpurea  is  probably  this  species. 

PINGUICULA 

733.  vulgaris,  L.  U.  P. 

Wet  rocks.    Whitney's  Catalogue;  Isle  Royale,— Dr.  A.  B.  Lyons. 


OROBANCHACEA 

(Broom-rape  Family.) 


One-flowered 
Cancer-root. 


Squaw-root. 


APHYLLON 

734.  uninorum,  Gray.     (***) 


Th. 


Damp  woodlands.    S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat. ;  Flint;  Lake  Superior.— Whit. 
Cat.  Infrequent. 

735.  fasciculatum,  Gray. 

"  Sandy  ground,  Lake  Michigan,"— Gray. 
CONOPHOLIS 

736.  Americana,  Wallr.     (***) 

Moist  Woods.    Ann  Arbor;   S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat.;   Ionia  Co.(!);  Flint; 
Macomb  Co. 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


53 


Beech-drops. 
'Cancer-root. 


EPIPHEGUS 


737.  Virginians,  Bart.     (***) 


Beech  woods.     Ionia  Co.(!);  Flint;  Macomb  Co.,  etc.     Very  common  in 
Grand-Saginaw  Valley. 


SCROPHULARIACE/E. 


{Fig wo rt  Fam ily . ) 


Common 
Mullein. 


Moth  Mullein. 


Wild  Toad- 
Flax. 


Toad-Flax, 
Butter  and 
Eggs. 


Innocence. 
Collinsia. 


VERBASCUM 
738.  Thapsus,  L. 


/***\ 


Fields  and  road  sides  every  where,— a  common  weed, 
land  under  the  name  of  Aaron's  Rod. 


L.  P. 

Cultivated  in  Eng- 


Ionia  Co.(!);  Detroit  (!);  Lansing (!),  etc. 


739.  Blatlaria,  L. 

Road  sides.    S.  Mich 
LUSTAKIA 

740.  Canadensis,  Dtimont. 

S.  shore  of  Saginaw  Bay— Winch.  Cat.;  Barrens,  in  Clare  Co.  (!). 

Infrequent  or  wanting  in  C.  and  S.  Mich. 

741.  vulgaris,  Mill.     (***) 

Road  sides.    Spreading  from  cultivation,  but  not  yet  a  troublesome  weed. 
COLLINSIA 

742.  verna,  Nutt. 


C.  &  S. 


Figwort. 
''Simpson's 
Honey  Plant.' 


Snake  Head. 
Turtle  Head. 
Balmony. 


Beard-tongue. 


Beard-tongue. 


Monkey- 
flower. 

Monkey- 
flower. 

Monkey- 
flower." 


Hedge  Hyssop. 


A  beautiful  little  annual  with  blue  and  white  flowers;  worthy  of  cultiva- 
tion. Moist  woods.  Ann  Arbor— Winch.  Cat.;  S.  W.— Wright's  Cat.; 
Ionia  Co.(!),  and  probably  reaches  its  N.  limits  in  Gratiot  Co.(!) 

743.  parviflora,  Dougl.  U.  P. 

"Shady,  moist  ground,  Upper  Michigan."— Gray  Fl.  X.  A. 
SCROPHULARIA 

744.  nodosa,  L.     (***)  C.  &  S. 

Rich  soil.    A  valuable  honey  plant.  Frequent. 

CHELONE 

745.  glabra,  L.     (***)  Th. 

Borders  of  streams.  Frequent. 

PENTSTEMO^ 

746.  pubescens,  Solander.  C.  &  S. 

Dry  soil.    Ann  Arbor— Winch.  Cat.;  Ionia C 0.(1);  Flint;  Macomb  Co. 

Common. 

var.  Digitalis,  Gr.  (?) 


747.  laevigatuSj  Solander 

May  occur  in  the  S. 
MIMULUS 

748.  ringens,  L. 

Wet  places. 

749.  alatus,  Solander. 

S.  W.— Wright  Cat. 

750.  Jamesii,  Torr.  &  Gray 

Abundant  at  Mackinac— Winch 


Th. 

Common. 


-Cray.     Thl« 


Oat.;  "Upper  Michigan. 

species  reaches  its  S.  limits  (?)  in  IoniaCo.(l),  where  il  la  rarely  found 
growing  near  cool  springs. 


GKATIOLA 

751.  Virginiana,  L.  (?) 

S.  Mich.— Winch.  Cat. 


54 


MICHIGAN  FLOEA. 


False  Pimper- 
nel. 


Mudwort. 


Synthyris. 


Culver's 
Physic. 

Water  Speed- 
well. 


American 
Brooklime. 

Marsh  Speed- 
well. 

Common 
Speedwell. 

Alpine  Speed- 
well. 

Thyme-leaved 
Speedwell. 

Purslane 
Speedwell. 

Corn  Speed- 
well. 

Neckweed. 


ILYSANTHES 

752.  gratioloides,  Benth. 

Low  grounds. 
LIMOSELLA 

753.  aquatica,  L.,  var.  tenuifolia,  Hoffmann. 

Dr.  A.  B.  Lyons. 
SYNTHYRIS 

754.  Hough  toniana,  Benth. 


0.  &S. 

Frequent. 


Blue-hearts. 


Lousewort 
Foxglove. 

Downy  Fox- 
glove. 

Smooth  Fox- 
glove. 

Gerardia. 


Gerardia. 


Purple  Gerar- 
dia. 


Oak  barrens.    S.  Mich.— Wright's  Cat.; 
Saranac.    Probably  reaches  here  its  N. 

Ionia 
limits. 

Co.(!), 

three  miles  S.  of 
Rare. 

VERONICA 

755. 

Virginica,  L.     (*) 

c.  &s. 

Rich  woods.    Furnishes  the  officinal  Leptandrin. 

Common. 

756. 

Anagallis,  L. 

Ditches. 

c.  &s. 

Frequent. 

757. 

Americana,  Schweinitz.     (***) 

Brooks. 

Th. 

Common. 

758. 

scutellata,  L. 

Swamps. 

Th. 

Frequent. 

759. 

officinalis,  L.     (***) 

Dry  hills.    Ann  Arbor— Winch.  Cat. 

s. 

Scarce. 

760. 

alpina,  L. 

Winchell  Cat. 

U.  P. 

761. 

serpyllifolia,  L. 

Open  grounds. 

Th. 

Frequent. 

762. 

peregrin  a,  L. 

Moist  grounds  everywhere. 

Th. 

Common. 

763. 

arvensis,  L. 

Cultivated  and  waste  grounds. 

c.  &s. 

Common. 

764. 

agrestis,  L. 

Sandy  fields.    Coleman  Cat. ;  and  Flint. 

Rare. 

765. 

Buxbaumii,  Tenore. 

Waste  grounds.    Coleman  Cat. 

BUCHNERA 

766. 

Americana,  L. 

0.  &s. 

Moist  sandy  ground.    S.  W.— "Wright  Cat. 
GERARDIA 

;  Flint; 

Coleman  Cat. 

Infrequent. 

767. 

pedicularia,  L. 

Woods. 

L.  P. 

Frequent. 

768/ 

flava,  L. 

Open  woods. 

0.  &s. 

Frequent. 

769. 

quercifolia,  Pnrsh. 

Oak  woods. 

0.  &s. 

Frequent. 

770. 

auriculata,  Michx. 

Wright  Cat. 

s. 

771. 

laevigata,  Raf. 

Coleman  Cat. ;  Flint;  Dr.  Lyons. 

s. 

772. 

aspera,  Douglas. 

a, 

N.  &  U.  P. 

Low  ground.    Ionia  Co.  (!);  MontcalmCo.(!);  Sitting  Rabbit— Winch.  Cat. 
This  soecies  probably  reaches  its  E.  limits  in  Ionia  Co. 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


55 


Purple  Gerar- 
clia. 


Slender  Gerar- 
dia. 

Slender  Gerar. 
dia. 


Scarlet  Paint- 
ed-cup. 


Eyebright. 

Lousewort. 
Lousewort. 

Yellow  Battle. 

Cow-Wheat. 


L.  P. 


773.  purpurea,  L. 

Moist,  sandy  ground  near  the  Great  Lakes. 

774.  purpurea,  L.,  var.  paupercula,  Gr. 

Oakland  Co.(!) 

775.  tenuifolia,  Vahl. 

Ann  Arbor— Winch.  Cat. 

776.  tenuifolia,  Vahl.,  var.  asperula,  Gr. 

See  Bot.  Gazette,  vol.  4,  no.  5. 
CASTILLEIA 

777.  coccinea,  Spreng.  Th. 

Wet  and  dry  grounds.    Varies  in  color  of  bracts  from  scarlet  to  yellow. 

778.  pallida,  Kunth,  var.  septentrionalis,  Gray. 

Lake  Superior— Gray. 
EUPHRASIA 


Common. 


779.  officinalis,  L.     (***) 

"Shore  of  Lake  Superior."— Gray;  Isle  lioyale.— Whitney  Cat 
PEDICULARIS 

780.  Canadensis,  L. 

Moist  banks  and  woodlands. 

781.  lanceolata,  Michx. 

Swamps. 
RHIXANTHUS 

782.  Crista-galli,  L. 

"Lake  Superior."— Gray,  Fl.  N.  A. 
MELAMPYRUM 

783.  American um,  Michx. 

Sandy  woods. 


U.  P. 


Th. 

Common. 

0.  &  s. 

Frequent. 

U.  P. 


Th. 

Common. 


Ruellia. 
Ruellia. 


Water  Willow. 


AOANTHACEA 

(  Acanthus  Family.  ) 

RUELLIA 

784.  ciliosa,  Pursh. 

Dry  grounds.    Wright  Cat.; 

785.  strepens,  L.  S. 

Dry  soil.    Wright  Cat. 

dia:nthera 

786.  Americana,  L. 

In  shallow  water.    Ann  Arbor-Winch.  Cat.;    Put-In-Bay (!);    *.  Haveu- 
Bailey. 


Lopseed. 


VERBENACEiE. 

{Verbena  Family.) 

PHRYMA 

787.  Leptostachya,  L.  '  • 

Moist  woods.    Pt.au  Chene— Winch. Cat. ;  Flint;  Macomb Oo.j  B.  Mich, 

Wright  Cat.;  Ionia  Co.  (!)  Inlrcquent. 


56 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


White  Vervain. 


Narrow  Leaved 
Vervain. 


Blue  Vervain. 


Frog-Fruit. 


VERBENA 

78S.  urticifolia,  L.     (***) 

Waste  places. 

789.  angustifolia,  Michx. 

Dry  grounds.    Winch.  Cat. 


'  =:•:  -■;■:  ■}• 


790.  hastata,  L. 

Roadsides. 

791.  bracteosa,  Michx. 

Waste  places.    Coleman  Cat.;  Kalamazoo— Bailey. 
LIPPIA 

792.  lanceolata,  Michx.     (?) 

Coleman  Cat. 


Th. 

Common. 

s. 

Th. 

Common. 


LABIATE. 


Germander. 
Wood  Sage. 


Horse-weed. 
Stone- root. 
Rich-weed. 


Spearmint. 
Peppermint. 


Horse-mint. 


Bugle-weed. 


Water  Hore- 
hound. 


Water  Hore- 
hound. 


Hyssop, 


Basil. 


Basil. 


(Mint  Family.) 


TEUCRIUM 

793.  Canadeuse,  L.     (***)  0.  &  S. 

Low  grounds.  Common. 

COLLIXSONIA 

794.  Canadensis,  L.  0.  &.  S. 

Rich  woods.  Ionia  Co.(!);  Flint;  Detroit;  Ann  Arbor;  and  S.  W.— Winch. 
Cat.  Frequent. 

MENTHA 

795.  viridis,  L.     (*) 

Roadsides.    Escaped  from  cultivation.  Frequent. 

796.  piperita,  L.     (*)  Th. 

Along  streams.  Extensively  cultivated  in  St.  Joseph  and  Wayne  counties 
for  the  oil.  Michigan  produces  about  two-fifths  of  the  world's  crop. 
St.  Joseph  county  leads  in  production,  followed  by  Wayne  county,  and 
then  by  Wayne  county,  N.  Y.,  which  is  the  only  other  locality  in  the 
United  States  where  peppermint  is  grown  to  great  extent.  The  annual 
production  in  Michigan  varies  greatly,  ranging  from  20,000  to  60,000 
pounds  of  oil.  Some  growers  estimate  the  yield,  in  exceptionally  favor- 
able  years,  as  high  as  75,000  pounds.    In  severe  seasons  the  plants  are 


very  apt  to  winter  kill.— T.  F.  Wrood,  et  al. 

797.  Canadensis,  L. 


Low  grounds. 

LYCOPUS 

798.  Virginicus,  L. 

Low  grounds. 

799.  sinuatus,  Ell. 


/*#\ 


800.  rubellus,  Moench.     (***) 

Clinton  Co.(!) 
HYSSOPUS 

801.  officinalis,  L.     (***) 

Escaped  from  gardens.    Flint;  S.  W.— Wrinch.  Cat. 

PYCNANTHEMILtf 

802.  lanceolatnm,  Pursh. 

Low  grounds.    Ionia  Co.  (!);  Flint 


Common. 

Th. 

Common. 

Th. 

Common. 

Th. 

Frequent. 
Infrequent. 


803.  linifolium,  Pursh. 

Ann  Arbor— Winch.  Cat. 


C.   &S. 

Macomb  Co. ;  and  southward. 

Frequent. 

s. 


MICHIGAN   FLORA. 


57 


Creeping 
Thyme. 


Calaminth. 


Basil. 


American 
Pennyroyal. 


Bee-Balm. 
Oswego  Tea. 


Wild  Berga- 
mo t. 


Horse-mint. 

Blephilia. 
Blephilia. 

Giant  Hyssop. 
Giant  Hyssop. 


Catnip. 
Cat-mint. 

Ground  Ivy, 
Gill. 


Dragon-head. 


Mad-dog 
Skullcap. 


Skullcap. 
Skullcap. 


THYMUS 

804.  Serpyllum,  L.     (***) 

Flint;  Coleman  Cat.    Scarcely  escaped  from  gardens. 
CALAMINTHA 

805.  Nuttallii,  Benth. 

Drummond's  Island,  and  northward,  common.  Not  seen  in  C.  of  the 
State;  S.  E.— Wright  Cat. 

806.  Clinopodinm,  Benth. 

Fields.  Ionia  Co.  (!);  Fort  Gratiot.— "Winch.  Cat. ;  and  northward  to  Lake 
Superior. 

HEDEOMA 

807.  pulegioides,  Pers.     (*)  C.  &  S. 

Fields.     Hubbardston  (!);  S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat;  Macomb  Co.      Scarce. 
MONARDA 

808.  diclyma,  L.     (***) 

Rare  in  Michigan,  only  reported  from  one  locality :   Fort  Gratiot— Winch. 

809.  fistulosa,  L.     (***)  Th. 

Sandy  soil.  An  extract  of  this  aromatic  plant  has  lately  been  introduced 
as  a  "sure  cure"  of  malarial  fever.  The  flowers  are  sometimes  pure 
white,  in  which  case  the  albinism  extends  to  the  stems  also,  which  are 
green  instead  of  the  usual  reddish-brown;or  purple.  Common. 

810.  punctata,  L.     (*)  S. 

Sandy  soil.    S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat.;  S.  Haven— Bailey.  Infrequent. 

BLEPHILIA 

811.  ciliata,  Raf.  L.  P. 

Dry  ground.    Ionia  Co.  (!);  Ann  Arbor,  and  Sault  Ste.  Marie— Winch.  <  at 

Bcarce. 

812.  hirsuta,  Benth.  C.  &  S. 

Low  woods.    Ionia  Co.  (!),  where  it  is  frequent;  S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat. 
LOPHANTHUS 

813.  nepetoides,  Benth.  C.  &  S. 


Low  grounds.     Ionia  Co.  (!);    Flint;    Lansing  (!);  S.   W.— Wright   Cat.; 

Infrequent. 

c.  &  s. 

Infrequent. 


Grosse  Isle— Miss  Clark. 

814.  scrophularisefolius,  Benth. 

Low  grounds.    S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat. ;  Macomb  Co. 
NEPETA 

815.  Cataria,  L.     (*)  Th. 

Near  dwellings.    An  excellent  honey  plant.  Common. 

816.  Glechoma,  Benth.     (***)  0.  &  >. 

Sparingly  escaped  from  culture.    Flint;  Grand  Rapids— Coleman  Cat. 
DKACOCEPHALUM 

817.  parviflofum,  Nutt. 

This  interesting  plant  was  first  detected  in  the  Lower  Peninsula  In  June, 
1876,  when  it  was  found  in  Roscommon  Co.,  a  little  Bouth  oi  Houghton 
Lake.    Its  range  is  northward  to  Lake  Superior.— Graj . 

SCUTELLAKIA 

818.  lateriflora,  L.     (*)  Th. 

Low  grounds.    Gathered  to  considerable  extent  for  the  drug  trade. 

Common. 


819.  versicolor,  Nutt. 

Banks  of  streams.    S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat. 

820.  canescens,  Nutt.   (?) 

Coleman  Cat.,  etc. 


58 

Skullcap. 
Skullcap. 
Skullcap. 


Self-heal,  or 
Heal-all. 


False  Dragon 
Head. 


Horehound. 


Motherwort. 


Dead-Nettie. 


Hemp  Nettle. 


Red  Hemp 
Nettle. 


Hedge  Nettle. 
Hedge  Nettle. 


S.  W. 


Infrequent. 

Th. 

Common. 

Th. 

Common. 

c.  &  s. 

Arbor— Winch. 
Occasional. 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 

821.  pilosa,  Michx. 

S.  W.— Winch.  Cat.;  Gray,  PI.  N.  A. 

822.  parvula,  Michx. 

Ionia  (!). 

823.  galericulata,  L.     (**) 

Low  grounds. 
BRUNELLA 

824.  vulgaris,  L.     (***) 

Fields.    Occasionally  the  flowers  are  white. 
PHYSOSTEGIA 

825.  Virginiana,  Benth. 

Wet  grounds;  cultivated  in  gardens;  varies  greatly.    Ann 
Cat.;  S.  W.— Wright  Cat.;  Muir(!);  Kalamazoo— Bailey. 

MARRUBIUM 

826.  vulgare,  L.     (*) 

Roadsides   escaped   from  cult.     Ionia  Co.  (!);   Flint;   S.  Mich.— Winch. 
Cat.  Frequent.- 

LEONURUS 

827.  Cardiaca,  L.     (***)  L.  P. 

Waste  grounds.    Much  visited  by  bees  for  its  honey.  Common. 

LAMIUM 

828.  amplexicanle,  L.     (***) 

Ionia  (!),  common. 
GALEOPSIS 

829.  Tetrahit,  L.     (***)  Th. 

Rare  in  C.  of  the  State.    Abundant  at  Mackinac— Winch.  Cat. 

830.  Ladanum,  L. 

Ft.  Gratiot  and  Sault  Ste.  Marie— Winch.  Cat. 
STACHYS 

831.  aspera  Michx.  S. 

Wet  grounds.  Frequent. 

832.  hyssopifolia,  Michx.  Th. 

Wet  grounds.    S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat. 


Hounds- 
tongue. 


Wild  Com 
frey. 


BORRAGINACEzE. 
(Borrage  Family.) 

CYNOGLOS3UM 

833.  officinale,  L.     (***) 


Roadsides. 

834.  Virginicum,  L. 

Open  Woods. 
ECHINOSPERMUM 

Beggars' Lice.      835.  Virginicum,  Lehm. 

Woods. 

stick-seed.  836.  Lappula,  Lehm. 

A  worthless  weed  along  roadsides  and  in  waste  places. 


Th. 

Frequent. 

Th. 

Frequent. 

Th. 

Frequent. 

L.  P. 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


59 


Smooth  Lung- 
wort. 


Forget-me- 
not. 


Wheat  Thief. 
Red-root. 
Corn  Grom- 
well. 


Common 
Gromwell. 


Broad -leaved 
Gromwell. 


Hoary 
Puccoon. 


Hairy 
Puccoon. 


MERTENSIA 

837.  Virginica,  DO.     (***) 

Common  in  gardens.    Coleman  Cat. ;  Lyons. 

838.  paniculata,  Don.  U.  P. 

Whitney  Cat. ;  Gray,  Fl.  N.  A. 
MYOSOTIS 

839.  verna,  Nutt. 

Winch.  Cat. ;  Coleman  Cat.,  etc. 

LITHOSPERMUM 

840.  arvense,  L.  C.  &  S. 

In  wheat  fields.  A  had  weed  which  is  being  rapidly  distributed  by- 
threshing  machines.  Farmers  should  be  on  their  guard.  It  may  )"; 
known  by  its  branching  stems,  narrow,  rough  leaves,  small  white  flow- 
ers, and  gray,  bony  seeds. 

841.  officinale,  L.     (***)  Th. 

Roadsides.  Infrequent. 

842.  latifolium,  Michx.  0.  &  S. 

Borders  of  woods.    S.  Mich.— Winch.  Cat.  J  Ionia  Co.(!);  Flint,  etc. 

Frequent. 

843.  canescens,  Lehin.  Th. 

Sandy  fields.    Ann  Arbor.— Winch.  Cat.;  Ionia  Co.(!);  Macomb  Co. 

844.  hirtum,  Lehm.  Th. 

Light  sand.    Flowers  bright  yellow,  showy.  Frequent. 

845.  angustifolium,  Michx.  (?) 

Credited  to  the  State  by  Dr.  A.  B.  Lyons,  and  may  be  looked  for  in  the 
extreme  S.  W. 


False 
Gromwell. 


Comfrey. 


Borrage. 


ONOSMODIUM 

846.  Oarolinianum,  DO. 

Only  noticed  by  Dr.  D.  Cooley,  Macomb  Co. 
SYMPHYTUM 

847.  officinale,  L.     (***) 

Escaped  from  gardens. 

BORRAGO 

848.  officinalis,  L. 

Adv.  on  Agricultural  College  grounds,  Lansing.    A  honey  plant. 


Infrequent. 


Waterleaf, 


Waterleaf. 


Hairy  Water- 
leaf. 


HYDROPHYLLACEjE. 

{Waterleaf  Family.) 

HYDBOPHYLLUM 

849.  Virginicum,  L. 

Rich  woods. 

850.  Canadense,  L. 

Damp  rich  woods. 

851.  appendiculatum,  Michx. 

Moist  hillsides  and  rich  woods. 


0.  &  s. 

Frequent. 

Frequent. 

Frequent. 


PHACELIA 

852.  Franklinii,  Gray. 

"Shores  of  L.  Superior,  especially  on  Isle  Roya.C'-e. ray ;  and  Dr.A.B. 
Lyons. 


GO 


MICHIGAN"  FLOKA. 


Hairy  Phlox. 


Divaricate 
Phlox. 


Ground  or 
Moss  Pink. 


POLEMONIACE^E. 

{Phlox  Family.) 


PHLOX 

853. 

pilosa,  L. 

0.  &  s. 

Dry,  sandy  fields.  Flowers  bright  rose 
place   in  the  garden.     Ann  Arbor- 
Macomb  Co.,  etc. 

,  or  rarely  pure  whit* 
Winch.  Cat.;   Ionia 

;.    Deserves  a 
Co. (1);   Flint; 

854. 

divaricata,  L. 

"Woods  and  fields. 

0.  &s. 

Common. 

855. 

subulata,  L. 

S.  Mich.— Winch.  Cat.    Common  in  cultivation. 


Wild  Potato- 
vine. 

Man-of-the- 
Earth. 

Low  Bind- 
weed. 


Hedge  Bind- 
weed. 


Dodder. 
Dodder. 
Dodder. 
Dodder. 


CONVOLVULACE^E. 

{Convolvulus  Family.) 


IPOMEA 

856.  pandurata,  Meyer. 


Ann  Arbor— Winch.  Cat. ;  Coleman  Cat. 


CONVOLVULUS 

85?.  spithamssus,  L. 

Sandy  fields. 

858.  sepium,  L. 

Low  grounds.    Very  variable. 
CUSCUTA 

859.  chlorocarpa,  Engelmann. 

S.  Haven— Mrs.  Millington. 

860.  Gronovii,  Willd. 

Low  grounds. 

861.  glomerata,  Choisy.     (?) 

"Wet  prairies,  Ohio  to  Wisconsin."— Gray. 

862.  teimiflora,  Engelm. 

Maple  River  valley (!);  Coleman  Cat. 


0.  &S. 


Th. 

Infrequent. 

Th. 

Common. 

s.  w. 

0.  &  s. 

Frequent. 


0.  &s. 


SOLANACE^E. 


Common 
Nightshade. 
Black  N. 

Bittersweet. 


Ground 
Cherry. 


Ground 
Cherry. 

Ground 
Cherry. 

Ground 
Cherry. 


SOLANUM 

863.  nigrum,  L.     (***) 

Moist,  cultivated  fields. 

864.  Dulcamara,  L.     (*) 

Roadsides. 
PHYSALIS 


0.  &s. 

Common. 

c.  &s. 

Infrequent. 


865. 


866. 


grandiflora,  Hook.  N.  &  U.  P. 

"Clearings."  First  collected  in  L.  P.,  near  Farwell,  in  June,  1876,  where 
it  seemed  to  be  at  home.  Near  the  mouth  of  the  Au  Sable  river,  Iosco 
Co.,  June,  '78.— C.  B.  Cochran.  "S.  shore  of  L.  Superior."— Gray,  Synopt. 
Fl.  N.  A. 


Philadelphia,  Lam. 

Grand  Rapids— Coleman  Cat. 

867.  Virginiana,  Mill.     (***) 

Light,  sandy  soil. 

868.  lanceolata,  Miclix. 

Sandy  soil.    Ionia  Co.  (!),  etc. 


Th. 

Common. 

0.  &s. 

Frequent. 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


Gl 


Ground 
Cherry. 


Apple  of 
Peru. 


Matrimony 
Vine. 


Henbane. 


869.  pubescens,  L.     (***) 


0.  &  s. 


Common  throughout  the  pine  country.     Ann  Arbor— Winch.  Cat.;  Mont- 
calm Co.,  etc. 

NICANDRA 

870.  physaloides,  Gsertn.     (***) 

Gardens.    Ann  Arbor— Winch.  Cat.;  Flint;  Ionia  Co.  (!)  Scarce. 

LYCIUM 

871.  vulgare,  Dunal.     (***) 

Escaped  from  gardens  in  some  places. 

HYOSCYAMUS 

872.  niger,  L.     (*) 

Macomb  Co.;  Ft.  Gratiot;  Mackinac,  abundant— Winch.  Cat. 


DATURA 

common  stra.      373,  Stramonium,  L.     (*) 

monium,  or  »  \   / 

Thornapple.  Roadsides. 

Jamestown 

Purple  Thorn-       874.    Tcttula,  L.      (***) 

P^Strarnoni-  Flint;  Macomb  Co. 

um*  NICOTIANA 

Wild  Tobacco.      875.  rustica,  L.     (***) 

Emmet  Co.,  cultivated  by  the  Indians— Winch.  Cat. 


c.  &  s. 

Frequent. 

c.  &  s. 

Ban. 


GENTIANACE.dE. 


{Gentian  Family.) 


Centaury. 


American 
Centaury. 


Fringed  Gen- 
tian.    Blue 
Gentian. 

Smaller 
Fringed 
Gentian. 

Five-flowered 
Gentian. 

Five-flowered 
Gentian. 

Blue  Gentian, 


Soapwort 
Gentian. 

Closed  Gen- 
tian. 


ERYTHR^EA 

876.  Qentaurium,  Pers. 

Lansing— Bailey. 


A<lv.  and  rare. 


SABBATIA 

877.  angularis,  Pursh.  S. 

Marshes.     Cass  Co.— Univ.  Herb.,  Houghton  Survey  Coll.,  1833;   G 
Lake,  near   Battle  Creek,  1879— Prof.  V.  M.  Spalding;   S.    Mich.-Wr. 
Cat. 

GENTIANA 

878.  crinita,  Froel. 

Low  grounds.    Ann  Arbor— Winch.  Cat. ;  Lansing  and  So. 
Mackinac— Whitney ;  Ionia  Co.  (!),  etc. 

879.  serrata,  Gunner. 

With  the  last. 

880.  quinqueflora.  Lam.    (***) 

Moist  hillsides.    Ann  Arbor— Winch.  Cat. ;  Ionia  Co.  (!) 

88J.  quinqueflora,  Lam.,  var.  occidentals,  Gray. 

Ann  Arbor— Winch.  Cat. 

882.  puberula,  Michx.     (**) 

Barrens.    Ann  Arbor-Miss  Clark,  Miss  Allmendingcr. 

883.  Saponaria,  L.     (***) 

Moist  woods.    Macomb  Co.;  S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat. 

884.  Andrewsii,  Griesb.     (***) 

River  banks. 


Rare. 


Th. 

Haven— Bailey; 
Common. 

Th. 

Frequent. 

Th. 

Occasional. 


s, 

Uar.-. 

S. 
infrequent. 
( '.  ft  S. 

Frequent. 


62 


MICHIGAN  FLOKA. 


Whitish  Gen- 
tian. 


American 
Columbo. 


Spurred 
Gentian. 


Bartonia. 
Screw-stem. 


Buckbean. 


Clinton  Co.  (!);  Ann 
Rare  or  local. 


885.  alba,  Mulil.  Th. 

Low  meadows  and  borders  of  woods.    Ionia  Co.  (!) 
Arbor  and  S.  W.— Winch.  Cat.;  to  L.  Superior. 

886.  linearis,  Froel.,  var.  lanceolata,  Gr.  N.  &  U.  P. 

Pt.  au  Chene,  L.  Mich.— Winch.  Cat.    "  Minnesota  and  along  L.  Superior." 
—Gray. 


FKASERA 

887.  Carolinensis,  Walt.     (**) 

Rich,  dry  soil.     Jackson  Co.  and  westward— Winch.  Cat. 


Miss  Clark;  Grand  Rapids  (!);  Macomb  Co. 


c.  &s. 

Ann  Arbor- 
Scarce. 


HALEISTIA 

888.  deflexa,  Griesb. 


N.  &  U.  P. 


Shore  of  Little  Traverse  Bay,  near  Harbor  Point  (!);  Drummond's  Is.  and 
St.  Helen's  Is.— Winch.  Cat.;  northward  to  L.  Superior.         Frequent. 


BARTONIA 

889.  tenella,  Muhl. 

Open  woods.    S.  Mi 
MENYANTHES 

890.  trifoliata,  L.     ( 

Bogs. 


ich.— Wright  Cat. 

,  Hubbardston(!);  Flint. 

Rare. 

**#} 

Th. 

Common. 

Spreading 
Dogbane. 


APOCYNACEiE. 

{Dog-bane  Family.) 


APOCYNUM 

891.  androsaemifolium,  L.     (**) 

Borders  of  woods. 

Indian  Hemp.      892.  cannabinum,  L.     (**) 


Th. 

Common. 

Th. 


Low  grounds.  Exceedingly  variable  in  size,  habit,  shape  of  leaves,  pu- 
bescence, etc.  DeCandolle's  varieties  glaberrimum and  pubescens occur, 
but  also  intermediate  forms,  rendering  useless  any  sub-specific  names. 

Common. 


ASOLEPIADACE^E. 


Butterfly- 
weed. 
Pleurisy-root. 


Purple  Milk- 
weed. 


Indian  Hemp. 
Swamp  Milk- 
weed. 

Milkweed. 
Silkweed. 

Poke  Milk- 
weed. 


Four-leaved 
Milkweed. 


Whorled 
Milkweed. 


( Milkzoeed  Family. ) 


-Winch.  Cat. ;  Ionia  Co.  (!) 


ASCLEPIAS 

893.  tuberosa,  L. 

Sandy  soil.  Ranges  from  Canada  to  Florida,  and  from  the  Saskatchewan 
Valley  to  Texas.  Occasionally  cultivated  for  its  showy  orange-red 
flowers.    Roots  exported.  Common. 

894.  purpurascens,  L. 

Woods.   Ann  Arbor.- 
comb  Co. 

895.  incarnata,  L.     (**) 

Banks  of  streams. 

896.  Cornuti,  Decaisne.     (**) 

Fields.    The  young  shoots  eaten  for  greens. 

897.  phytolaccoides,  Pursh.     (***) 

Moist  grounds.     Ann  Arbor;  Ft.  Gratiot.— Winch.  Cat. 
Lansing (!);  Flint;  Macomb  Co. 

898.  quadrifolia,  L.     (?) 

Ann  Arbor.— Winch.  Cat. 

899.  verticillata,  L.    (***)  S. 

Barrens.    S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat.  Infrequent. 


0.  &S. 

Clinton  Co.  (!);  Flint;  Ma- 
Frequent. 

Th. 

Common. 

Th. 

Common. 

0.  &s. 

Ionia  Co.  (!); 
Infrequent. 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


G3 


Green  Milk- 
weed. 


White  Ash. 

Reel  Ash. 

Green  Ash. 
Bine  Ash. 

Black  Ash. 


Virginia 
Snake-root. 


Asarabacca. 
Wild  Ginger. 
Coltsfoot. 


ACERATES 

900.  viridiflora,  Ell. 

Ft.  Gratiot.— Winch.  Cat.;  S.  W.—  Wright  Cat. 


C.  &  S. 

Rare. 


oleacej:. 

( Olive  Family. ) 


FRAXINUS 

001.  Americana,  L. 


Th. 


902.  pubescens,  Lam. 


903. 


Not  frequent  enough  N.  and  in  U.  P.  to  be  of  economic  importance, 
woods.    A  valuable  timber  tree  of  medium  Bize,  which  on  account  of  the 
toughness,  elasticity,  and   beauty  its  wood  la  much   used  for  cabinet 
making,  wainscoting,  carriage  making,  handles  of  scythes,  rakes,  etc., 
etc.    Ought  to  be  planted  oftener  for  shade  and  ornament.     Common. 

Th. 

;  Lansing  (!) 
Scarce. 

c.  &  s. 

Hare. 

Th. 


Low  grounds.    A  small  tree,  seldom  noticed.    Ionia  Co.  (!) 
S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat.;  Drummond's  I.— Winch.  Cat. 


viridis,  Michx.  f. 

Ann  Arbor.— Winch.  Cat- 

904.  quadrangulata,  Michx. 


Rich  woods.  "Large  timber  tree,  the  inner  bark  yielding  a  blue  color 
to  water."— Gray,  Fl.  N.  A.  This  tree  is  frequently  confounded  with 
White  Ash,  from  which  it  may  easily  be  distinguished  bv  its  square 
branchlets.    Wood  valuable.  Frequent. 


905.  sarnbucifolia,  Lam. 


Th. 


A  common  tree  in  swamps;  less  valuable  than  white  ash.  Wood  used 
for  hoops,  basket  work,  etc.  Also  beginning  to  be  used  for  inside  finish- 
ing  in  houses— doors,  cabinets,  etc.  Black  ash  doors  wit li  hard  maple 
panels,  finished  in  oil,  are  said  to  present  a  very  pleasing  appearance, 
and  to  be  both  inexpensive  and  durable.  Common. 

ARISTOLOCHIACE.E. 

(Birthwort  Family.) 

ARISTOLOCHIA 

906.  Serpentaria,  L.     (?) 

Said  to  occur  in  the  S.  part  of  the  State. 
ASARUM 

907.  Oanadenso,  L.     (**)  Th. 

Moist  woods.  Common. 


PHYTOLAOOAOE^E. 

(Poke-weed  Family.) 
PHYTOLACCA 
pSKacoke.        908.  decandra,  I,     (**)  C.  &  8. 

Pigeon  Berry.  Fields.    The  young  shoots  in  spring  may  be  eaten  like  asparagus. 

Frequent. 

CHENOPODIACE/E. 

( Goosefoot  Family.) 


CHENOPODIUM 
£SV8Qnar"       909.  album,  L. 

Pigweed.  Waste  and  cultivated  ground. 

8SHSS?         91°-  Slaucum,  L. 

Lansing,  College  grounds. 


Th. 

Common. 


64 


MICHIGAN  FLOKA. 


Maple-leaved 
Goosefoot. 


Jerusalem 
Oak. 

Feather  Ge- 
ranium. 

Mexican  Tea. 


Strawberry 
Blite. 


Good  Kins 
Henry. 


Bug-seed. 


911.  urlicum,  L.,  var.  rhomMfolium,  Moquiu 

Waste  groun 


s. 


Ionia  Co.  (!);  Flint;  Grand  Rapids— Coleman  Cat. 

Infrequent. 

Th. 

Common. 


912.  liybridum,  L. 

Waste  grounds. 

913.  murale,  L. 

Grand  Rapids— Coleman  Cat. 

914.  Botrijs,  L.     (***) 

Escaped  from  gardens.    Abundant  in  places. 

915.  ambrosioides,  L.     (***) 


Rare. 

c.  &s. 


Waste  places.    Macomb  Co. ;  Ann  Arbor— Miss  Clark;  S.  W.— Wright  Cat. 

Scarce. 


BLITUM 

916.  capitatum,  L. 


Th. 


Dry,  rich  grounds.    Very  noticeable  from  the  fleshy,  bright-red  calyx. 

Common. 

91?.  Bonus  Henricus,  Eeich. 

Flint.  Scarce. 

ATRIPLEX 

918.  patula,  L.,  var.  hastata,  Gr. 

Common  at  Detroit.— Dr.  A.  B.  Lyons. 
CORISPERMUM 

919.  hyssopifolium,  L. 

S.  Haven— Bailey ;  and  northward  to  L.  Superior,  along  the  shores  of  the 
Great  Lakes. 


AMARANTACE.E. 

(Amaranth  Family.) 


Prince's 
Feather. 

Pigweed. 
Red-root. 
Green  Ama- 
ranth. 

Tumble  weed 
White  Ama- 
ranth. 

Acnida. 
Swamp  Ama- 
ranth. 


AMARANTHUS 

920.  liypocliondriacus, 


L.     (: 


921. 


922. 


Scarcely  escaped  from  gardens. 

retroflexus,  L. 

A  common  weed  in  gardens. 
albus,   L. 


Ann  Arbor— Miss  Clark. 


L.  P. 

Common. 

L.P. 


Fields  and  gardens,  less  troublesome  than  the  preceding  species. 

Frequent. 


ACNIDA 

923.  tuberculata,  Moqum-Tandon. 

Low  grounds.  S.  Mich.— Winch.  Cat.;  Ionia  Co.  (!): 
Co. 


0.  &s. 

Lansing  (!);  Macomb 
Frequent. 


POLYGONACE^E. 


Alpine  Bis- 
tort. 


Prince's 
Feather. 


-Gray ; 


Isle  Royale,  common. 


(Buclcivheat  Family.) 

POLYGONUM 

924.  viviparum,  L.     ( 

Shore  of  L.  Superior- 

925.  orientals,  L. 

Sparingly  escaped  from  gardens. 

926.  Careyi,  Olney.     (?) 

Grand  Rapids.— Coleman  Cat. 

927.  Pennsylvanicum,  L. 

Low  grounds.    Ionia Co.(!);  Clinton  Co.(!);  Flint;  S.  Mich. 


U.  P. 

Whitney  Cat. 


C.  &S. 

■Wright  Cat. 
Frequent. 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


G5 


Lady's 
Thumb. 


Common 
Smartweed,  or 
Water-pepper. 

Water  Smart- 
weed. 


Mild  Water- 
pepper. 


Water 
Persicaria. 


Water 

Persicaria. 


Joint-weed. 


Door-weed. 
Knotgrass. 
Goose-grass. 

Erect  knot- 
grass. 


Slender  Knot- 
grass. 

Halberd - 
leaved  Tear- 
thumb. 

Arrow-  leaved 
Tear-thumb. 

Black  Bind- 
weed. 


Climbing 
False  Buck- 
wheat. 


928.  incarnatum,  Ell.  0.  &  S. 

River  banks.    Ionia  Co.(!);  Grand  Rapids— Coleman  Cat.  Frequent. 

929.  lapithifolium,  Ait.  U.  P. 

L.  Superior— O.  B.  Wheeler. 

930.  Persicaria,  L.     (***)  Th. 

Waste  places.  Common. 

931.  Hydropiper,  L.     (***)  Th. 

Moist  grounds.  Common. 

932.  acre,  II BK.     (***)  L.  P. 

Wet  places.    Ann  Arbor;  Ionia  Co.(!);  Mackinac -Winch.  Cat.:  Flint. 

Frequent. 

933.  hydropiperoides,'Michx.     (***)  0.  &  S. 

Wet  places.  Common. 

934.  amphibium,  L.,  var.  aquaticum,  Willd.  Th. 

Borders  of  ponds.  Frequent. 

935.  ainphibium,  L.,  var.  terrestre,  Willd.  C. 

E.  shore  L.  Huron.— J.  Macoun;  Ionia  Co.(!);  Flint;  Grand  Rapids. 

93 G.   Hartwrightii,  Gray. 

Kalamazoo— Tuthill. 

937.  Virginianum,  L.  Q.&  3, 

Thickets.  Common. 

938.  articulatum,  L.                                                   N.  &  U.  P. 

Traverse  City— Winch.  Cat.;  L.  Superior— Whitney  Cat. 

939.  aviculare,  L.     (***)  Th. 

The  commonest  of  weeds. 

940.  erectum,  L. 

Waste  places  with  the  preceding  species.  Common. 

941.  ramosissimum,  Michx.  Th. 

Banks  of  streams.  Infrequent. 

942.  tenue,  Michx.  0.  &  8. 

Sterile  soil.    S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat. ;  common  in  Ionia  Co.(!  ;    Macomb  Co. 


943.  arifolium,  L. 


L.  P. 


Low  grounds.    South  Haven— Bailey ;  GrOb  Cap,  L.  Mich.— Winch.  Cat. ;  S. 

Mich.— Wright  Cat.  Infrequent. 

944.  sagittatum,  L.  Th. 

Low  grounds.  Frequent. 

945.  Convolvulus,  L.  0.  &  8. 

Waste  grounds.    S.  W.— Wright  Cat.;  Flint;  Macomb  Co.  Infrequent 

946.  cilmode,  Mx.  Th. 

Copses.    S.  Haven— Bailey;  Lyons,  and  northward.  Common. 

947.  dumetorum,  L.  Th. 

Moist  thickets.  Common. 


Buckwheat. 


Great  Water 
dock. 


Pale  Dock. 


FAGOPYEUM 

948.  esculcnlum,  Moench. 

Persistent  in  fields. 
EUMEX 

949.  orbiculatus,  Gray. 


Th. 


Wet  places.     S.  Mich.— Winch.  Cat.;  Ionia  CO.(!)J  Flint;  Macomb  Co.;  and 
northward.  Frequent 


950.  Britannica,  L.     (***) 

Sault  Ste.  Marie.— Winch.  Cat.;  and  southward. 
9 


Bare. 


66 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


"White  Dock. 
Swamp  Dock. 


Curled  Dock. 
Yellow  D. 


Bitter  Dock. 


Bloody-veined 
Dock. 

Field  or  Sheep 
Sorrel. 


051.  salicifolius,    Weinmann. 

Shore  of  Little  Traverse  Bay(!);  and  northward. 

952.  verticillatuSj  L. 

Wet  swamps. 

953.  crispus,  L.     (**) 

Everywhere  in  fields.    A  bad  weed. 

954.  oMusifolius,  L.     (***) 

Meadows  and  fields. 

955.  sanguineus,  L.     (***) 

Ann  Arbor— Miss  Clark. 

956.  Acetosella,  L.     (***) 

Sterile  fields. 


N.  &  U.  P. 

Scarce. 

L.  P. 

Frequent. 

Th. 
Th. 

Frequent. 


Th. 

Common. 


Sassafras. 


Spice-bush. 
Benjamin- 
bush. 


LAURACE^E. 

(Laurel  Family.) 


SASSAFRAS 

95?.  officinale,  Nees. 

Woods— sandy  soil. 


State. 
LLNDERA 

958.  Benzoin,  Meisner.     (***) 

Damp  woods. 


(*)  0.  &  S. 

A  shrub  or  low  tree,  not  found  north  of  the  C.  of  the 

Frequent. 


0.  &s. 

Frequent. 


Leather-wood 
Moose-wood. 


THYMELEAOE^E. 

(Mezereum  Family.) 

DIRCA 

959.  palustris,  L.     (***) 

"Woods.    The  tough  bark  used  for  thongs  by  Indians. 
Cat.;  S.  Haven— Bailey;  and  northward. 


Th. 

Ann  Arbor— Winch. 
Frequent. 


Canadian 
Shepherdia. 


ELjEAGNACEjE. 

(Oleaster  Family.) 


SHEPHERDIA 


9 GO.  Canadensis,  Nutt. 


Th. 


Gravelly  banks.  Lansing— Prof.  W.  J.  Beal;  "On  the  western  islands  in 
Lake  Erie."— Dr.  D.  Cooley;  Ann  Arbor— Winch.  Cat.;  South  Haven- 
Bailey;  Flint;  and  northward.  Abundant  at  Petoskey(l).  "A  common 
short  shrub,"  (L.  Superior,)— Whitney  Cat. 


Bastard  Toad 
flax. 


SANTALACE^E. 

(Sandalwood  Family.) 

COMANDRA 

961.  umbellata,  Nutt. 

Dry  ground.    Indifferently  parasitic  on  root: 

962*.  livida,  Richards. 


Th. 

Common. 

N.  &  U.  P. 


'Sandy  shores,  L.  Superior."— Gray ;  Traverse  City- Dr.  A.  B.  Lyons;  Isle 
Royale— Whitney  Cat. 


Lizard's. tail. 


Hornwort. 


Water-Star- 
wort. 


Water-Star- 
■wort. 


River-weed. 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 

SAURURACEiE. 

(Lizard'' s-tail  Fam ihj.) 


67 


SAURURUS 

963.  cernuus,  L.     (***) 

Swamps. 


Shore  Spurge. 


Spotted 
Spurge. 


Flowering 
Spurge. 


0.  &  s. 

Common. 


CERATOPHYLLACEzE. 

(Hornwort  Family.) 
CERATOPHYLLUM 

964.  demersum,  L.  Th. 

Ponds.    Fruit  in  August.  Common. 

CALLITRICHACE/E. 
( Water-Stanvort  Fam  ihj . ) 
CALLITRICHE 

965.  verna,  L.    (***)  Th. 

Ponds.    Macomb  Co.,  to  Lake  Superior. 

966.  autumualis,  L. 

Rivers.    Flint— Dr.  Daniel  Clark;  to  Lake  Superior-Gray. 

PODOSTEMACEiE. 
(River-weed  Family?) 
PODOSTEMON 

967.  ceratophyllus,  Michx. 

Dr.  A.  B.  Lyons. 

EUPHORBIACE^E. 

(Spurge  Family.) 

EUPHORBIA 

968.  polygonifolia,  L.  Th. 

Sandy  shores  of  the  Great  Lakes.  S.  Haven  — Bailey;  Ft.  Gratiot— 
Winch.  Cat.,  etc.  Frequent. 

969.  maculata,  L.     (***) 

Roadsides  and  fields,  everywhere.  One  of  the  few  northern  plants, 
observed  by  Prof.  A.  N.  Prentiss  in  Brazil. 

970.  hypericifolia,  L.     (***)  C.  &  S. 

Cultivated  soil,  and  waste  places.  Detroit— Dr.  A.  B.  Lyons;  Ionia  (!); 
Grand  Rapids  (!);  Lansing— Bailey.  Infrequent. 

971.  corollata,  L.     (**)  C.  &  8. 

Sandy  soil.  A  weed  difficult  to  eradicate  on  account  of  its  deep  roots. 
Beginning  to  be  cultivated  by  gardeners  for  its  abundant,  small,  white 
flowers.    Its  milky  juice  is  acrid-poisonous. 

972.  platyphylla,  L. 

Macomb  Co.;  "Along  the  Great  Lakes."— Gray. 

973.  Helioscopia,  L.     (***) 

Common  at  Detroit.— Dr.  A.  B.  Lyons. 

974.  commutata,  Engelm. 

Ann  Arbor.— Winch.  Cat. ;  Flint. 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


975.  Cyparissias,  L.     (***) 


Garden. 
Spurge. 
Door-yard  S.  Escaped  from  cultivation. 

976.  Esula,  L. 

Escaped  from  cultivation. 
ACALYPHA 
Three-seeded        977.   Virffillica,  L. 


Mercury. 


Open  woods.    Variable.    Ionia  (!);  Detroit  (!),  etc. 

EMPETRACE^E. 

(  Crowlerry  Fam  tly. ) 
EMPETRUM 


Frequent. 
Infrequent. 

Th. 

Common. 


Black  crow-        978.  nigrum,  L. 


berry. 


U.  P. 


Whitney  Cat. 


TJRTICACEiE. 

{Nettle  Family.) 


ULMUS 


slippery  Elm.      979.  fulva,  Michx.   '  (*) 

Red  Elm. 


Th. 


White  Elm. 

American 

Elm. 

Rock  Elm. 


Hackberry. 
Sugarberry. 
Nettle-tree. 


Red  Mul- 
berry. 


Tall  Wild 
Nettle. 

Great  Sting- 
ing Nettle. 


Wood  Nettle. 
Cursed  Net- 
tle. 


Richweed. 


Rich  soil.    Wood  reddish,  tough  and  hard.    The  inner  bark  mucilaginous 
and  much  used  in  medicinal  preparations.  Frequent. 

(***)  Th. 

Low  grounds.    Wood  tough,  fine  grained,  valuable,  used  for  wagon  hubs, 
etc.    One  of  our  finest  ornamental  trees.  Common. 


980.  Americana,  L. 


9S1.  racemosa,  Thomas. 


Th. 


River  banks.    Wood  similar  to  the  last  but  more  valuable;  takes  a  fine 
polish.    A  large,  fine  tree,  frequently  planted.  Frequent. 


CELTIS 

982.  occidentalis,  L. 


0.  &S. 


MORUS 

983.  rubra, 


River  banks.    Sap  wood,  yellow,  inner  wood,  grayish,  coarse  grained,  soft 
and  of  little  value,  used  for  fuel.    A  medium  or  large  sized  tree. 

Frequent. 


L.     (***) 


0.  &S. 


A  small  tree  on  river  bottoms.  Wrood  valuable.  Wayne  Co. ;  Ionia  Co.  (!); 
Lansing  (!).  The  largest  specimen  observed  grows  near  Ionia,  and  meas- 
ures fourteen  inches  in  diameter  two  feet  above  the  ground.  Frequent 
as  far  north  as  latitude  43°,  where  the  abundant  fruit  ripens  the  last  of 
June. 


URTICA 

984 


gracilis,  Ait. 

Moist  ground. 


985. 


dioica,  L.     (***) 

Waste  places. 
LAPORTEA 

986.  Canadensis,  Gaud.     ( 

Thick  -woods  along  streams. 
PILEA 

987.  pumila,  Gray. 

Low  woods. 


A  vicious  weed. 


BCEHMERIA 

False  Nettie.       988.  cylindrica,  Willd, 

Moist  ground. 


Th. 

Common. 

Th. 

Occasional. 

c.  &s. 

Common. 

0.  &  s. 

Common. 

c.  &s. 

Common. 


MICHIGAN  FLORA, 

PARIETARIA 

Peiutory.  989.  Pennsylvania,  Muhl. 

Grand  Rapids— Coleman's  Cat. 
CANNABIS 
Hemp.  990.  sativa,  L.     ( *  ) 

Waste  places. 
HUMULUS 

CommonHop.  991.    LlipulllS,   L.       (*) 

Banks  of  streams. 


G9 


L.  P. 
Frequent. 

Th. 
Frequent  northward. 


Plane-tree. 
Buttonwood. 


PLATANACE/E. 

{Plane-tree  Family.) 


PLATANUS 


992.  occidentals,  L.  C.  &  9. 

Along  our  rivers.    "The  largest  tree  of  the  Atlantic  forest! 

Presents  a  striking  appearance  bv  reason  of  its  mottled  bark,  whi.-h  Is 
rarely  more  than  one-sixteenth  of  an  inch  thick.    Wood  reddish,  tough, 
and  unwedgeable;  can  be  Used  in  short  sections  for  cabinet  work, 
ing  machines,  tables,  etc.,  but  is  very  liable  to  warp.  Frequent. 


Butternut. 


JUGLANDACEiE. 


{Walnut  Family.) 


JUGLANS 

993.  cinerea,  L.     (*) 


I  .       3. 


Low,  rich  woods.  A  medium-sized  tree,  often  planted.  The  wood  [slighter 
and  softer  than  the  next,  but  takes  a  line  polish— used  in  cabinet  making 
and  in  houses  in  inside  finishing.  Recommended,  in  connection  with 
lighter  woods,  for  wainscotings,  mouldings,  etc.,  where  black  walnut 
would  have  too  glaring  and  pronounced  an  appearance;  mak<  - 
doors— not  liable  to  warp.  Common. 


Black  walnut.      994.  nigra,  L. 


/***\ 


0.  &  >. 


One  of  our  most  valuable  timber-trees,  and  more  used  in  cabinet-making 
than  any  other.  At  its  present  rate  of  consumption,  the  black  walnut 
in  Michigan  will  soon  be  a  thing  of  the  past.  Frequent. 


Shag-bark 
Hickory. 


Western  Shell- 
bark  Hickory. 


Mocker-nut. 

Pignut. 
Bitternut. 


CARYA 

995.  alba,  Nutt.     (***)  0.  &  >. 

Timber  very  valuable;  used  wherever  great  durability,  Btrength.  and 
elasticity  are  required.  C.  microcarpa,  Nutt.,  occurs  and  seems  to  be 
distinct.  <  ommon. 

996.  sulcata,  Nutt.  0.  i    3. 

lliver  bottoms.    Ionia  Co.(!),  where  it  reaches  its  northern  limit! 


except  in  the  extreme  south. 

997.  tomentosu,  Nutt. 

Dry  woods.    Flint;  Grand  Rapids— -Coleman's  Cat. 

998.  porcina,  Nutt. 

Woods.    Nuts  pear-shaped  or  oblong. 

999.  amara,  Nutt. 


o.  a  3. 

0.  &  8. 

I    mmon. 

I  .  i    3. 


Moist  soil.    No  member  of  this  family  gets  much  north  ot  la!.  • 

mmon. 


70 


MICHIGAN  FLOKA. 


White  Oak. 


Bar  Oak. 


Swamp  White 
Oak. 


Yellow  Chest- 
nut Oak. 


Dwarf  Chest- 
nut  Oak. 


Laurel  or 
Shingle  Oak. 


Black  Jack 
Oak. 


OUPULIFER/E. 

(Oak  Family.) 

QUERCUS 

1000.  alba,  L.     (*)  Th. 

Rich  woods.  Rare  in  U.  P.,  Menominee  Co.— Burt  MS.  Cat.;  etc.  Our 
most  valuable  species.  Much  used  in  inside  finishing,  carriage-making, 
etc.,  etc.,  wherever  a  strong,  durable,  and  beautiful  timber  is  desired. 

Common. 

macrocarpa,  Michx.     (•***)  0.  &  S. 

Rich  soil.  Common. 

bicolor,  Willd.  O.  &  S. 

Low  ground.  A  large  tree.  Scales  of  the  involucre  often  bear  galls  which 
resemble  abortive  acorns.  Common. 

c.  &s. 

Common. 

0.  &s. 


1001. 


1002. 


1003. 


1004. 


Muhlenbergii,  Engelm. 

Rich  woods.    A  medium  sized  tree. 

prinoides,  Willd. 

A  low  shrub  or  small  tree.     Macomb  Co.;   Hubbardston  (!);   Muir  (!); 
Gratiot  Co.  (!).    This  and  the  preceding  seem  to  run  together. 

Infrequent. 

1005.  imbricaria,  Michx.  S. 

Barrens.    Galesburg— H.  Dale  Adams ;  Ann  Arbor— Winch.  Cat. ;  S.  Mich.— 
Dr.  Wright.  Rare. 

1006.  nigra,  L.     (  ?  ) 

Said  to  occur  in  the  extreme  S.  W. 


scarlet  oak.         1007.  coccinea,  Wang. 


Th. 


Black  Oak. 

Yellow-barked 

Oak. 


Red  Oak. 


Inner  bark  reddish;  scales  of  involucre,  brown,  glabrate,  appressed.  In 
the  C,  this  species  blossoms  and  puts  forth  its  leaves  about  two  weeks 
earlier  than  the  next,  and  the  leaves  are  smooth  and  glossy  before  the 
leaves  of  the  next  have  become  well  divested  of  their  reddish  down. 

Frequent. 

1008.  tinctoria,  Bartram.     (  *  ) 

Inner  bark  bright  yellow;  scales  of  involucre  yellowish-canescent,  some- 
what squarrose;  leaves  less  pinnatilid,  more  obovate  in  outline  and  less 
glossy-green  than  those  of  Q.  coccinea.  This  species  and  the  preceding 
occur  together  in  the  C.  and  are  seldom  large— usually  40-50  ft.,  and  12- 
15  inches  in  diameter.  Considerable  study  has  shown  no  gradations  be- 
tween the  two  forms,  except  one  anomalous  specimen,  with  very 
long  acorns,  and  some  characteristics  of  both  species. 


1009.  rubra,  L.     (***) 


Th. 


Wood  reddish,  coarse;  used  chiefly  for  fence  rails  and  fuel.  In  the  C.  & 
S.,  a  large  tree;  in  the  N.  either  a  very  large  tree,  (Emmet  Co.— 
Winchell),  or,  at  Petoskey,  a  low  tree  or  tall  shrub(!);  in  U.  P.,  along 
the  shore,  a  low  shrub  or  scraggy  tree  (the  common  form),  or,  in  Onton- 
agon valley,  a  good-sized  tree— VVhitney.  Q.  ambigua,  Mx.,  apparently 
belongs  here.— (See  Engelm.  "  Oaks  of  the  U.  S."  Tr.  Ac.  Sc,  St.  Louis, 
Vol.  III.)  "One  of  the  most  variable  of  the  Atlantic  species."— Engel- 
mann. 


Chestnut. 


Beech. 


Wild  Hazel- 
nut. 


CASTANEA 

1010.  vulgaris,  var.  Americana,  A.  DO.     (***) 


S.  E. 


Occurs  rarely  in  the  S.  E.  Does  well  when  nlanted,  at  least  as  far 
north  as  lat.  44°;  Macomb  Co.;  Wayne  Co.;  Monroe  Co.;  Ann  Arbor— 
Dr.  Steere. 


FAGUS 

1011.  ferruo-inea, 


Ait. 


Common  in  L.  P.,  but  rare  in  U. 
Rocks. 

COKYLUS 

1012.  Americana,  Walt.     (***) 

Thickets. 


Th. 

Occurs  at  Mackinac  and  Pictured 


Th. 

Common. 


MICHIGAN"   FLORA. 


71 


Beaked  Hazel.      1013.   rostrata,  Ait.     (***J 


Hop- Horn- 
beam. 
Iron-wood. 


Blue  or  Water 
Beech. 


Lansing— Bailey,  probably  its  southern  limit;  Hubbardstonf !);  and  com. 
mon  uorthward. 


OSTRYA 

1014.  Virginica,  Willd. 

Rich  woods. 
CARPINUS 

1015.  Americana,  Miclix. 

Along  streams.    Wood  of  this  and   the   prcccdim 
used  for  wedges,  levers,  etc. 


Th. 

Con.' 

Th.   (?) 

nd   durable; 

Corns 


MYRICACEjE. 


Sweet  Gale. 


Bay-berry. 
Wax-Mvrtle. 


Sweet  Fern, 


{Sweet  Gale  Family.) 
MYRICA 

1016.  Gale,  L.     (***) 

Swamp  near  Crooked  Lake,    Emmet  Co.(!);  Man] 
Koyale— Dr.  A.  B.  Lyons. 

1017.  cerifera,  L.     (***) 

S.  Mich.— Winch.  Cat. 
COMPTONIA 

1018.  asplenifolia,  Ait.     (***) 

South— Wr.  Cat. ;  Detroit— Dr.  A.  B.  Lyons.  Very  common  in  the  center 
of  the  State  and  northward  throughout  the  pine  country,  of  which  it  is 
a  characteristic  species. 


N.  &  r.  P. 

tce-K.  J.  11 


Th. 


BETULACE.E. 

(Birch  Family.) 


BETULA 


Cherry  Birch.        1019.    lentil,  L.      (***) 


Th. 


Paper  Birch. 
Canoe  Birch. 
Silver  Eirch. 


Low  Birch. 


Ann  Arbor— Allmend.  Cat. ;  8.  Haven— Bailey;  mar  Lansing— Prof  W.  J. 

Beal;  Hubbardston(!);  Flint;  and  northw; 
the  south,  but  attains  a  "  monstrous  size  " 
Cat. 


rd  to  L.  Su]  erior.     Rare  in 
on  Drnmmond'a  I.— Winch. 


Yellow  Birch.      1020.  lutea,  Michx.,  f . 


Th. 


to  L.  Superior.    "Common 
northward  to  th< 
rof.  W.  J.  Beal.    Flare  south 


1021. 

1022. 
1023. 


Ann  Arbor— Winch.  Cat.;  S.  Haven— Bailey: 
along  the  line  of  the  P.  &  P.  M.  B.  B.,  and 
country;  a  large  tree;  timber  valuable.'*—] 
of  the  Grand-Saginaw  valley. 

papyracea,  Ait.     (***)  Th, 

Extends    southward    to   Lansing  and    perhaps    further.       Frequent    at 
Crystal  Lake,  Montcalm  Co., (!)  as;i  small  tree,    often  Bpringa  up,  form- 
ing a  dense  thicket,  where  pine  lands  have  been  burned 
separating  into  thin,  papery  strips,  used  by  Indians  for  canoes,  basket. 
work,  etc.    A  large  tree  at  the  north. 


pumila,  L. 

Swamps. 

glandulosa,  Michx. 

Burt's  MS.  Cat. 


Th. 


Green  or 

Mountain 

Alder. 


Speckled  or 
Hoary  Alder. 
Tag-Alder. 


ALNUS 

1024.  viridis,  DC.  ;-  l>- 

"Dry  rocky  land"— Whitnev  Cat.;  Isle  Koyale- Dr.  A.   ! 

»  ■*  non. 

1025.  incana,  Willd.     (***) 


Borders  of  streams. 
U.  P. 


The  prevailing  Alder  in  center  of  the  State  and  in 
1  mon. 


72 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


smooth  Aider.      1026.  serrulata,  Ait.     (***) 


Th. 


Macomb  Co.;  Traverse  City  and  S.  Mich.— Winch.  Cat.;  Burt.  MS.  Cat. 

Karc  or  local. 


Hoary  Willow, 
Prairie  Wil- 


Glaucous  Wil- 
low. 


Silky-leaved 
Willow. 


Petioled  Wil- 
low. 


Basket  Osier. 


Heart-leaved 
Willow. 


Glaucous 
Willow. 


SALIX 

1027. 


SALIOAOE^S. 

(Willow  Family.) 

Barer  sp.  determined  by  31.  S.  Bebb,  of  Founlaindale,  Illinois. 


Candida,  Willd.  Th. 

Usually  in  Tamarack  swamps.    Rare  in  S.  part  of  the  State.  Com. 

humilis,  Marshall.  Th. 


Not  reported  south  of  Lansing.     Common  along  the  line  of  D.  M.  &  G.  H. 
R.  R.;  Ionia  Co.  (.!)">  and  northward  to  Marquette  Co.— Burt  MS.  Cat. 

discolor,  Muhl.     (***) 


1028. 
1029. 

1030.  sericea,  Marshall. 

1031.  petiolaris,  Smith. 


Th. 


River  banks.    This  species  and  the  preceding  are  much  visited  by  bees  in 
early  spring  for  pollen  and  honey.  Common. 


Drummonds'  Is.— Winch.  Cat. ;  Ionia  Co.  (!);  and  southward  to  S.  Haven- 
Bailey.    Very  common  in  central  part  of  the  State. 


From  Sault  Ste.  Marie  southward. 


Th. 

Ionia  Co. (!);  Lansing- 
Frequent. 


With  the  last. 
Bailey. 

1032.  viminalis  L. 

Woodard  Lake,  Ionia  Co.  (!);  S.  Haven,— Bailey. 

1033.  cordata,  Muhl.  Th. 

Along  streams.  Narrow-leaved  forms  occur  in  the  central  and  southern 
parts  of  the  State;  at  Petoskey(!),  broadly  ovate-heart-shaped  leaved 
forms  occur.  Common. 

1034.  glaucophylla,  M.  S.  Bebb,  sp.  nov.  inecL 

Hubbarclston  (!);  Petoskey  (!);  frequent  along  the  shores  of  Little  Trav- 
erse Bay  (!).  Has  been  confounded  with  8.  Barclayi,  Anders.  (See  Bot. 
Gaz.,  March.  1878.) 
The  following  notes  and  description  of  this  interesting  species  and  its 
varieties  have  been  furnished  by  Mr.  Bebb,  who  is  preparing  a  Mono- 
graph on  the  Salicacece: 

"8.  glaucophylla,  n.  sp.  Leaves  broadly  ovate  or  elliptical  lanceolate, 
rounded  or  narrowed  at  base,  apex  more  or  less  cuspidate  acuminate, 
coriaceous  in  texture,  glabrous,  dark  green  above  except  the  yellowish 
midrib,  intensely  glaucous  and  obscurely  reticulate  veined"  beneath, 
the  young  drying  black,  margin  sharply  serrate  with  glandular  inllexed 
serratures,  petioles  short  downy,  stipules  ovate,  serrate;  aments  with 
leaf-like  bracts  at  base,  thick,  cylindrical,  densely  flowered  appearing 
with  the  leaves,  when  in  flower  about  one  inch  long;  the  fertile  when 
mature  sometimes  very  large,  3  inches  long,  %  in.  thick;  capsules  elon- 
gated-conical from  an  ovate  base  3-5  lines  long,  glabrous,  greenish, 
turning  brown  in  drying;  pedicels  4-5  times  the  length  of  the  nectary, 
concealed  by  the  copious  long  white  hairs  with  which  the  scales  are 
clothed;  style  produced;  stigmas  short  thick,  entire  or  2-lobed. 

"Var.  lalifolia.  Leaves  crowded,  broadly  ovate-lanceolate,  rounded  or 
sub-cordate  at  base,  3-4  inches  long,  nearly  2  inches  wide,  stipules  con- 
spicuous, reniform.  Chicago,  Babcock,  exsicc.  No.  3,  4,  13,  15,  47;  Mad- 
ison, Wisconsin,  S.  II.  Watson,  in  Herb.  Canby.    Fountaindale  (!). 

"Var.  angusli/olia.  Leaves  lanceolate  cuspidate,  narrowed  at  base,  3  in. 
long,  %  in.  wide;  stipules  small,  often  wanting;  aments  elongated- 
cylindrical.    Chicago,  Babcock,  exsicc.  14,  28,  45,  2%,  8. 

"Var.  brevifolia.  Leaves  obovate,  acute,  wedge-shaped  at  base,  VA  inches 
long,  5-6  lines  wide,  prominently  reticulate  veined;  stipules  none. 
Leaves  strikingly  like  those  of  8.  arbuscula.  Sand  dunes,  Little  Trav- 
erse Bay,  Mich..  July  30,  '79.     C.  F.  Wheeler. 

"Ten  years  ago  I  was  inclined  to  regard  this  as  a  robust  variety,  of  8. 
cordata,  but  in  a  constantly  increasing  accession  of  specimens,  from  the 
most  luxuriant  growth  down  to  the  starveling  of  the  arid  sand  dunes 
of  Lake  Michigan,  it  was  always  clearly  recognizable  as  something  dis- 
tinct from  S.  cordata.  I  next  tried  to  find  a  place  for  it  under  &  Barclayi 
Anders.,  being  misled  by  the  author's  assertion  that  &  Barclayi  Avas 
very  nearly  related  to  8.  cordata,  of  which  it  might  be  regarded  as  a 
"quasi  modificatio  occidentalis  robustior,"  with  "shorter  and  broader 
leaves"  "turning  black,"  etc.;  misled,  also,  by  the  figure  in  the  Mono- 
graphia  Salicium,  which,  whatever  it  may  represent,  was  certainly  not 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


73 


drawn  from  the  type  specimen  of  8.  Barclayi.     This   {8.  Barclayi)  was 
published  as  a  new  species  in  the  author's  preliminary  Synopsis  of  n 
A.  Willows,  1858,  based  wholly  upon  a  single  specimen  (in  Herb,  Hook  ) 
irom  Ivodiak,  Barclay,  and  on  p.  31,  1.  c.  it  was  arranged  in  a  group  of 
American  species,  •«  manifestly  representing  European  types''  as  "be- 
longing to  the  type  of  &  glauca," 
********** 
"It  answers  my  present  purpose  to  .show  that  &  gkxucophylta,  n   sp  differs 
widely  from  the  typical  &  Barclayi  in  its  Smooth  capsules,  longer  podi- 
eels,  shorter  style,  and  very  different  stigmas.    It  also  differs  from  8 
cor  data  in  the  leaves  proportionately  shorter  and  broader  with  some- 
what the  texture  of  S.  lucida,  the  young  drying  black,  more  glaucous 
beneath,  especially  when  old;  amen  t  s  thicker  and  more  densely  hirsute 
(much  as  in  8.  discolor);  capsules  very  much  larger  ami  drying  brown 
As  indigenous  at  Fountaindalc,  this  is  a  straggling  shrub,  about  8  feet 
high,  the  young  twigs  glabrous  and  bright  yellow,  Btained  with  crimson 
where  exposed  to  much  sunlight.    Some  or  the  plants  in  theSalicetum 
however,  are  more  erect,  8  feet  high,  brownish  twigs,   puberulent,  and 
the  whole  habit  that  of  8.  discolor." 


Tomentous 
Willow. 


1035.  balsamifera,  Barrett. 

Only  found  at  Flint,  by  Dr.  D.  Clark. 

1036.  adenophylla,  Hook. 


Itation  since  destr 


Livid  Willow. 


Shining  Wil- 
low. 

Black  Willow. 


White  Wil- 
low. 


Brittle  W. 


Long-leaved 
Willow. 


Myrtle  Wil- 
iow. 


Poplar. 

American 

Aspen. 

Large- toothed 
Aspen. 


Cotton-wood. 

"Necklace 

Poplar. 

Balsam  Pop- 
lar. 

Balm  of 
Oilead. 


Leaves  ovate,  ovate-lanceolate,  cordate,  glandular-serrate,  densely  to. 
mentose.  On  old  stems  the  leaves  are  ovate-lanceolate  and  a\ 
tovientose  all  over,  while  on  young  shoots  they  arc  broadly  ovate,  cor- 
date, and  sometimes  smooth'latc  in  the  season.  Low,  2-5  feet.  Ueach 
sand,  Lake  Michigan,  Illinois,  and  northwestward.  Petoskey  < :  | ;  St. 
Jo.,  Dr.  Wright  in  Torr.  Herb.— Bebb.  Hooker's  original  specimens 
came  from  Labrador.  "Well  marked  by  the  copious,  long,  narrow 
serratures  to  the  leaves  tipped  with  a  gland,  so  that  the  leaf  took 
it  were  fringed  with  pedicellate  glands.  These  leaves  are  an  inch  or 
more  long,  clothed,  even  when  fully  grown,  with  long  silkv  tomentum 
on  both  sides,  etc."— Part  of  Hooker's  original  description  of  specimen 
in  Harvard  Herb. 

1037.  rostrata,  Richardson.  Tb. 

Moist  or  dry  ground.  Com. 

1038.  lucida,  Muhl.  Th. 
Along  streams.                                                                                  Common. 

1039.  nigra,  Marshall.     (***)  Th. 

Along  streams;  a  small  tree. 

1040.  am ygd abides,  Anders. 

Flint— Dr.  Clark. 

1041.  alba,  L.,  var.  vitellina,  Carey. 

Naturalized  from  Europe. 

1042.  fragiUs,  L ,  var.  Uusselliana,  Carey. 

Coleman  Cat. ;  Palmer  Cat. 

1043.  longifolia,  Muhl. 

Wet  places. 

1044.  myrtilloides,  L. 

Sphagnous  swamps.    S.  E.— Winch.  Cat.    Ionia  (!);  etc. 

POPULUS 

1045.  tremuloides,  Michx.     (***) 

Woods  and  lake  shores,  most  abundant  in  V.  P.— Whitnej 

1046.  grandidentata,  Michx. 

Woods.  Common  northward,  but  "rave  in  D*.  I'.-'— Whitney  Cat.  This 
tree  and  the  last  arc  being  ground  into  pulp  for  making  paper. 

1047.  monilifera,  Ait.  0.&  S, 

Often  a  large  tree,  three  feet  in  diameter.    Not  observed  north  of  crystal 
Lake,  Montcalm  Co.  (!) 

1048.  balsamifera,  L.     (***)  Th. 

River  banks.    A  small  tree  in  Michigan,  often  mistaken  for  the  n-  \t. 

1049.  balsamifera,  L.,  var.  candicans,  Gray.     (***) 

Not  common,  either  wild  or  in  cultivation,  but  cert i  inly  indigenous. ,8. 
Haven— P.ailcv;  Flint;  Sanford,  Midland  Co.— Plot.  W.  J.  Ileal;  Llk 
Rapids— Winch.  Cat. 


Th. 
Common. 

Th. 

to  L.  Superior. 
Frequent. 

Th. 
Common. 

Th. 


n 


Lombardy 
Poplar. 


MICHIGAN  FLOEA. 
1050.  dilatata,  Ait. 

Common  in  cultivation. 


L.  P. 


TAXACE^S. 

{Yew  Family.) 


TAXUS 


American 
Yew. 

Ground  Hem- 
lock. 


1051.  baccata,  L.,  var.  Canadensis,  Gray.     (***) 


Moist  woods  in  the  shade  of  evergreens.  Along  the  east  shore  of  Lake 
Michigan  as  far  south  as  S.  Haven.— Bailey;  Grand  Ledge.— Beal;  Ma- 
comb Co.,  where  it  is  rarely  found.  Common  north  of  the  center  of  the 
State(!). 


Red  Cedar. 
Savin. 

Juniper. 
Savin. 


Arbor-vitae. 
White  Cedar. 


Balsam  Fir. 


Hemlock. 


CONIFERiE. 
(Pi)ie  Fa  mill/.) 

JUNIPERUS 

1052.  Virginiana,  L.     (**) 


•  Th. 

Throughout,  but  scarce. 


Bluffs  and  sterile  soil. 

1053.  communis,  L.     (*) 

Frequent  throughout,  along  the  highest  grounds. 

1054.  Sabina,  L.,  var.  procumbens,  Ph.     (*)         X.  &  TJ.  P. 

Abundant,  trailing  over  low  sand  dunes  at  the  head  of  Little  Traverse 
Bay  (!);  Old  Mission,— Prof.  W.  J.  Beal,  etc. 


THUJA 

1055.  occidentalism  L.     (***) 


Th, 


Very  common  northward.    Timber  very  durable,  much  used  for  fence 
posts,  etc. 


ABIES 

1056.  balsainea,  Marshall.     (*) 


C.  N.  &  IT.  P. 


Frequent  in  the  northern  part  of  Clare  Co.  ('•);  abundant  at  Petoskey  (!); 
and  northward. 


TSUGA 

1057.  Canadensis,  Carriere. 


(*' 


Th.  exceDt  S.  E. 


Rarely  seen  south  of  latitude  43°  except  west,  and  scarce  on  the  Huron 
shore,  but  common  on  the  east  shore  of  L.  Michigan,  and  from  the  cen- 
tal part  of  the  State  northward.  Very  abundant  and  of  great  size  in  Em- 
met Co.(!).     Bark  an  article  of  commerce,  used  for  tanning. 

PICEA 

White  spruce.      1058.  alba,.  Link.  Is.  &  U.  P. 

From  Ludington,— Prof.  Beal;  to  Petoskey  (!);  and  northward.    Common. 

Black  spruce.       1959.  nigra,  Link.     (***)  Th. 

Frequent  northward,  and  occasional  south  of  lat.  43°,— a  small  tree  in 
sphagnous  swamps.    The  preceding  species  is  more  common  northward. 


American 

Larch. 

Tamarack. 


LAPvIX 

1060.  Americana. 


Michx.     (***) 


Th. 


Swamps.    A  slender  tree  southward,  but  sometimes  reaching  100  feet  in 
height  northward,  where  it  is  abundant. 


MICHIGAN  FLORA, 


75 


Scrub  Pine. 
Gray  Pine. 


Red  Pine. 
Norway  Pine. 


PINUS 

1061.  Banksiana,  Lambert. 

In  the  western  part  of  the  State,  noticed  as  far  south  as  Newaygo. 
"Sand  Pt.,  Saginaw  Bay,  and  northward  along  the  shore  of  L.  Huron,  not 
common."— Winch.  Cat.  In  the  Central  part  of  the  State  this  pine  la  first 
seen  in  the  northern  part  of  Clare  Co.(!},  where  it  Is  common  in  groves 
on  sandy  barrens.  In  the  S.  E.  township  of  Missaukee  Oo.,  along  the 
-west  bank  of  the  Muskegon  river,  occurs  u  barren  terrace,  abont  Ave 
miles  long  by  two  wide,  which  is  covered  with  groves  oi'  this  pine  in  all 

stages  of  growth  from  seedlings  to  line  shapely  trees  BO  I I   feel    in 

height,  and  12  to  14  inches  in  diameter.  The  groves  were  QOl  dense,  bat 
orchard-like,  and  disposed  without  regularity.  There  was  little  under- 
growth  except  occasionally  a  few  Bana-cherrfes,  stunted  service  b 
and  the  rare  alpine,  three-toothed  cinquefoiL  The  ground  waa  barely 
carpeted  with  tufts  of  panic  grass  (/'.  depauperation,  L.,)  bird-foot  Violet, 
and  bear  berry. 

1062.  resinosa,  Ait. 

Dry  woods.  First  noticed  in  IsabellaCo.,  in  ccnterof  the  L.  1'.;  reryabund- 
ant  in  Clare  Co.(!),  and  northward.  "Frequent  on  low,  sandy  plains  in 
U.  P.,  where  it  forms  orchard-like  groves."— Whitnev.  Usually  100-llu 
feet  high. 


White  Pine.       1063>  Strobus,  L. 


Tli. 


Ranges  from  at  least  Mason,  Ingham  Co.,  in  the  center  of  tin' "-Lite,  north- 
ward. Follows  the  shore  of  L.  Michigan  to  the  Indiana  line,  usually 
3  to  4  feet  in  diameter  and  100  feet  high,  but  often  larger.  Furnishes 
the  pine  lumber  of  commerce.  The  tallest  white  pine  we  fua 
was  134  feet,  and  the  largest  diameter,  scant  6  feet.  Much  taller  and 
larger  specimens  are  reported  by  lumbermen.  The  annual  production 
of  pine  lumber  in  Michigan  for  the  last  decade  has  exceeded  2,000,000,000 
feet.  Yet,  in  spite  of  this  enormous  consumption,  it  is  safe  to  say  that 
Michigan  still  contains  more  valuable  pine  than  any  like  area  in  North 
America.  The  lumber  interest  alone  enriches  the  .State  something  like 
540,000,000  a  year. 


Th. 


Green  Dragon.        1065.    DraCOntiutl,  Schott.      (***) 
Dragon  Root.  v 

Low  grounds. 


ARACE/E. 

(Arum  Family.) 
AEIS^EMA 
82KH?*      1004.  triphyllmi,  Torr.     (***) 

Pulpit.  Rich  woods. 

0,  &  s. 

Infrequent. 

PELTANDKA 
Arrow  Arum.      1066.  Virginica,  Raf.  0.  &  S. 

S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat.;   Huron  River— Allmendlnger   Cat.;   Ionia  Co.(!); 
Flint. 

CALLA 

Water   Arum.        106?.    pallistl'is,  L. 
Bogs. 

SYMPLOCARPUS 


Th, 

Frequent. 


Skunk  cab.  1068.  fceticlus,  Salisb.     (**) 

bage. 

ACORUS 
sweet  Flag.         1069.  Calamus,  L.     (**) 

Margin  of  streams. 


Th. 

Th. 
Infrequent. 


Duckweed. 
Duck's-meat. 


LEMNACEJ.:. 
(Duck- weed  Family^ 

LEMISTA 

1070.  trisulca,  L. 

Ponds. 


0.  &  8. 

Common. 


76  MICHIGAN  FLORA. 

Duck's-meat.       1071.  minor,  L.  C.  &  S. 

Ponds.    Blossoms  freely  in  June.  Common. 

Duck's-meat.       1072.  perpusilla,  Torr.  0.  &  S. 

Ponds.    Dr.  A.  B.  Lyons. 

Duck's-meat.       1073.  polyrrhiza,  L.  0.  &  S. 

Ponds.  Common. 

WOLFFIA 

1074.  Columbiana,  Karsten. 

Abundant  on  Maple  River,   Clinton  Co.(!);  Ionia  Co.(!);   Detroit— J.  M. 
Bigelow. 

1075.  Brasiliensis,  Weddell. 

With  the  last.    Nearly  covering  the  surface  of  ponds  and  slow  streams  in 
July. 


Common 
Cat-tail. 


Small  Cat-tail. 

Bur-reed. 
Bur-reed. 
Bur-reed. 
Bur  reed. 
Bur-reed. 
Bur-reed. 


TYPHACE^E. 

{Cat-tail  Family.) 

TYPHA 

1076.  latifolia,  L. 

Borders  of  streams. 

1077.  angustifolia,  L. 

Detroit— Dr.  A.  B.  Lyons. 
SPARGANIUM 

1078.  eurycarpum,  Engelm. 

Borders  of  ponds. 

1079.  simplex,  Hudson.,  var.  Nuttallii,  Gr. 

Fruitport— E.  J.  Hill. 

1080.  simplex,  Hud.,  var.  androcladum,  Gr. 

Ann  Arbor— Allmendinger  Cat. ;  Macomb  Co. 

1081.  simplex,  Hud.,  var.  angustifolium,  Gr. 

Isle  Eoyale— Whitney  Cat. 

1082.  heterophylla,  var.  rigida,  Engelm. 

Fruitport— E.  J.  Hill. 

1083.  minimum,  Bauhin. 

Hubbardston(J);  Manistee— E.  J.  Hill. 


Th. 

Common. 


c.  &s. 

Frequent. 


0.  &s. 

U.P. 


Bare. 


Naiad. 
Naiad. 


ffAIADAOEJE. 

( Po nd-weed  Family. ) 
STAIS 

1084.  major,  All. 

Flint— Dr.  D.  Clark. 

1085.  flexilis,  Rostk. 

Ponds. 


ZANNICHELLIA 

H^ned  Pond-        1086.    palustris,  L. 
Dr.  A.  B.  Lyons. 

POTAMOGETON 

Pond-weed.         1087.  natans,  L. 

Ponds. 


Tb. 

Frequent. 


Th. 

Frequent. 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


7? 


Pond-weed. 

1088. 

Pond-weed. 

1089. 

Pond-weed. 

1090. 

Pond-weed. 

1091. 

Pond-weed. 

1092. 

Pond-weed. 

1093. 

Pond-weed. 

1094. 

Pond-weed. 

1095. 

Pond-weed. 

1096. 

Pond-weed. 

1097. 

Pond-weed. 

1098. 

Pond-weed. 

1099. 

Pond-weed. 

1100. 

Pond-weed. 

1101. 

Pond-weed. 

1102. 

Pond-weed. 

1103. 

Pond-weed. 

1104. 

Pond-weed. 

1105. 

Pond-weod. 

HOG. 

Pond-weed. 

1107. 

Pond-weed. 

1108. 

Clayton ii,  Tuckerman. 

Ionia  Co.  (!);  Macomb  Co.— Dr.  D.  Coolcy;  Fruitport— E.  J.  Hill. 

lateralis,  Morong. 

Bear  Lake,  Van  Buren  Co.— E.  J.  Hill. 

Spirillus,  Tuckennan.  U.  P. 

"Lake  Superior"— Gray's  Manual. 

hybridus,  Michx. 

Dr.  A.  B.  Lyons. 

rufescens,  Schrader.  Th. 

Mud  Lake  and  Bear  River,  Petoskey— E.  J.  Hill. 

lonchites,  Tuckerman. 

Hubbardston  (!);  Macomb  Co. 

amplifo-lius,  Tuckerman. 


Maple  River  (!);  Macomb  Co.;  Perc  Marquette  River  at  Liulington 
Hill. 


o.  &  s. 

n  frequent. 

i.. ; 


graininifolius,  Fries. 


gramineus,  L.,  var 

Bear  Lake,  Van  Buren  Co.-E.  J.  Hill. 

gramineus,  L.,  var.  heterophyllus,  Fries.  Th. 

Woodard  Lake,  Ionia  Co.  (!);  Flint;  Macomb  Co.;  and  northward. 

lucens,  L. 

Muskegon  River,  near  Houghton  Lake  (!);  Flint;  S.  Mich.— Wright  Oat 

zizii,  Solium. 

Crystal  Lake,  near  Frankfort,  and  Bear  Lake,  Manistee  Co.— E.  J.  Hill 
Crystal  Lake,  Montcalm  Co.  (!);  and  Woodard  Lake,  Ionia  Co.  (!). 

prrelongus,  Wulfen.  Th. 

Maple  River  (!),  etc.  Common. 

perfoliatus,  L. 

Maple  River  (!),  etc. 

perfoliatus,  L.,  var.  lanceolatus,  Robbins. 

Little  Traverse  Bay,  etc.;  "Along  the  Great  Lakes"— Gray. 

zosterrefolius,  Sch. 

Maple  River  and  its  tributaries  (!),  etc. 

obtusifolius,  Mertens  &  Koch. 

"Floating  in  Gratiot  Lake,  N.  Mich."— Gray's  Manual. 

pauciflorus,  Pursh. 

Hubbardston  (!);  Grand  Rapids  ( 
pusillus,  L. 
Manistee  Lake— E.  J.  Hill. 

pusillus,  L-,  var.  major,  Fries. 

Crooked  River,  Chebovgan  Co.,  and  common  at  Manistee  and  Frankfort— 
E.  J.  Hill. 

pectinatus,  L.  *■»• 

Fish  Creek,  Hubbardston  (!).  Frequent 

marinus,  L. 

Crystal  Lake,  near  Frankfort,  Benzie  Co.-E.  J.  Hill.     B 
termined  bv  E.  J.  Hill,  of  Engelwood,  Illinois,  whose  knowledge  ol  this 

difficult  genus  is  well  known. 


Th. 
( lonunon. 


Th. 

Common. 


Flint;   Macomb  Co. 


Th. 

and  northward. 


Arrow-grass. 


ALISMAOB^J. 

( Water-Plantain  Family.) 


TKIGLOCHIN 

1109.  palustre,  L. 

Marshes. 


Th. 

Frequent. 


78 


MICHIGAN  FLOKA. 


Arrow-grass. 
Arrow-grass. 


Scheuchzeria. 


"Water  Plan- 
tain. 


Arrow-head. 
Arrow-head. 
Arrow-head. 


Th. 

Common. 


1110.  maritimum,  L. 

Macomb  Co.;  S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat.;  Petoskey  (!). 

1111.  maritimurn,  L.,  var.  elatum,  Gr.  Th. 

Ann  Arbor,— Allmendinger  Cat.;  Flint;  Macomb  Co.;  and  northward. 
SCHEUCHZERIA 

1112.  palustris,  L. 

S.  w.— Wright  Cat,;  Macomb  Co.;  Hubbardston  (!);  Montcalm  Co.  (!). 
Frequent  northward  in  cold  bogs. 

ALISMA 

1113.  Plantago,  Lv  var.  Americanum,  Gr.     (***). 

Shallow  water. 
ECHINODORUS 

1114.  parvulus,  Engelm. 

Dr.  A.  B.  Lyons. 
SAGITTARIA 

1115.  variabilis,  Engelm. 

Wet  places.    Occurs  in  many  forms. 

1116.  heterophylla,  Ph. 

Elk  Rapids,— Winch.  Cat.,  etc. 

1117.  heterophylla,  Ph.,  var.  rigida,  Engelm. 

Fruitport,— E.  J.  Hill. 

1118.  graminea,  Michx. 

Dr.  A.  B.  Lyons. 


Th. 

Common. 

Th. 


S. 


HYDRO  CH  ARID  ACE^E. 
(Frog's-bit  Family.) 
ASTACHARIS 

Water-weed.       1119.  Canadensis,  Planchon. 


Tape-grass. 
Eel-grass. 


Slow  streams. 
VA.LLISNERIA 
1120.  spiralis,  L. 


Th. 

Common. 

L.P. 


Ann  Arbor— Winch.  Cat.;  S.  Haven,— Bailey;  Hubbardston  (!);  to  Petos. 
key(!).    Slow  streams.    Common  in  Grand" River  and  tributaries. 


ORCHIDACE/E. 

{Orchis  Family.) 
ORCHIS 
showy  orchis.      1121.  spectabilis,  L. 

Rich  woods.    Widely  distributed. 

1122.  rotundifolia,  Ph.  (?) 

Flint-Dr.  D.  Clark;  "Shore  of  L.  Mich,  in  Wis. 
HABENARIA 

1123.  tridentata,  Hook. 


-Foote. 


Naked-gland 
Orchis. 


Greenish 
Orchis. 


Bracted 
Green  Orchis. 


0.  &  s. 

Scarce. 


Th. 


S-   W.— Wright    Cat.;  Ann   Arbor— Allmend.  Cat.;   Hubbardston  (!);  and 
northward. 

1124.  virescens,  Spreng.  C.  &  S. 

Macomb  Co.;  Ann  Arbor,— Winch.  Cat.;  S.  W.— Wright  Cat. 

1125.  viridis,  R.  Br.,  var.  bracteata,  Reich.  Th. 

Ann  Arbor  and  Emmet  Co.,— Winch.  Cat.;  Macomb  Co.;  Kalamazoo;  Hub- 
bardston (!);  Flint;  Lansing— Bailey. 


MICHIGAN   FLOItA. 


70 


Northern 
Green  Orchis. 


Northern 
White  Orchis. 


Smaller  Two- 
leaved  Orchis. 


Large  Round- 
leaved  Orchis. 


Yellow  Fringed- 
Orchis. 

White  Fringed- 
Orchis. 

Western 
Orchis. 


Ragged 
Orchis. 


Small  Purple 
Fringed-Orcbis. 

Large  Purple 
Fringed-Orcbis. 


Rattlesnake 
Plantain. 


Rattlesnake 
Plantain. 


Rattlesnake 
Plantain. 


Ladies' 
Tresses. 


Ladies' 

Tresses. 


Ladies' 
Tresses. 


Ladies' 
Tresses. 


Twayblade. 
Twayblade. 

Arethusa. 


1120.  hyperborea,  R.  Br.  Th. 

Wet  woods.  Common. 

1127.  dilatata,  Gr.  Th. 
S.  E.— Winch.  Cat. ;  Flint;  Macomb  Co.;  and  northward. 

1128.  obtusata,  Richardson.  XJ.  P. 

IsleRoyale-Dr.  A.  B.  Lyons;  L.  Sup.,  common— Whitney  Oat.;  c.ve  I.- 

L.  Huron— Austin. 


1129.  Hookeri,  Torr. 


Th. 


S.  E.— Winch.  Cat.;  Ilubbardston  (!);  Flint;  Lake  Superior— Whitney  Cat, 

1130.  orbiculata,  Torr.  Th. 

Frequent  in  the  pine  region,  not  rare  on  U.  P.— Whitney  Cat.;   Lansintr— 
Bailey;  Hubbard  ston(l);  Flint,  etc 

1131.  ciliaris,  R.  Br.  S.  E. 

Ann  Arbor— Winch.  Cat.;  Macomb  Co. 

1132.  blephariglottis,  Hook.  (j.  &  8. 

S.  Mich.— Winch.  Cat.;  Stanton  (!). 

1133.  leucophsea,  Gray. 

Ann  Arbor— Winch.  Cat.;  Woodard  Lake,  Ionia  Co.  (!);  Macomb  Co. 

Bare. 

1134.  lacera,  R.  Br.  C.  &  S. 

Ann  Arbor— Winch.  Cat.;  Woodard  Lake(!);  Flint;  Macomb  Co.;    Lan- 
sing— Bailey.  Infrequent. 

1135.  psycodes,  Gray.  Th. 

Low  grounds.  Frequent. 

1136.  fimbriata,  R.  Br. 

Ann  Arbor— Winch.  Cat. ;  Macomb  Co.  Infrequent. 

GOODYEEA 

1137.  repens,  R.  Br.  Th. 

Bangor,  Van  Buren  Co.— Bailey;  Grand  Rapids— Coleman  Oat;   B 
nion  Co.—  Dr.  Cooley;  Petoskey  0);  and  northward.  Infrequent. 

1138.  pubescens,  R.  Br.  Th. 

Woods.  Common. 

1139.  Menziesii,  Lindl.  N.  &  U.  P. 

Boyne  Falls,  Northport,  and  Frankfort— E.  J.  Hill;   Petoskey  (!);    Isle 
Royale  and  Traverse  Bay— Dr.  A.  B.  Lyons. 

SriRANTHES 

1140.  latifolia,  Torr. 

Drummond's  I.,  common,  and  S.  E.— Winch.  Cat.;  IIubbardston(!);  Flint. 
Rare  in  L.  P. 

1141.  Romanzoviana,   Chamisso.  N.  &  U.  P. 

Borders  of  Mud  lake,  Northport— E.  J.  Hill;  northward  to  L.  Bap. 

1142.  cernua,  Richard.  Th. 

Sphagnous  swamps.  Frequent 

1143.  gracilis,  Bigelow. 

S.  W.— Wright  Cat. ;  Macomb  Co. ;  Grand  Rapids— Coleman  Oat.;  Kalama- 
zoo— Tu  thill. 
LISTEEA 

1144.  cordata,  R.  Br.  U.  P. 

Whitney  Cat.;  and  Isle  Royale— Dr.  A.  B.  Lyons. 

1145.  convallarioides,  Hook.  U.  P. 
Not  common— Whitney  Oat.;  Isle  Royale— Dr.  A..  B.  Lyons. 


AKETHUSA 

1146.  bulbosa,  L. 


Th. 


[n  sphagnous  swamps,  s.  Mich.— Wright  Cat.;  Ann  Arbor- Allmcivi 
Kalamazoo— Tuthill;  Hubbard8ton(!) ;  and  northward. 


80 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


Pogonia. 
Pogonia. 
Pogonia. 


Beautiful 
Calopogon. 


Calypso. 


Crane-fly 
Orchis. 


Adder's- 
mouth. 


Adder's- 
rnouth. 


Twayblade. 
Twayblade. 

Coral-root. 
Coral-root. 
Coral-root. 

Coral -root. 


Pntty-root. 
Adam-and- 
Eve. 


Ram's  head 
Lady's  Slip- 
per. 

Small  White 
Lady's  Slip- 
per. 


POGONIA 

1147.  ophioglossoides,  Nutt.  Th. 

Bogs.  Common. 

1148.  pendula,  Lindl.  S.  W. 

Dr.  Wright.  Rare. 

1149.  verticillata,  Natt.  0.  &  S. 

Kalamazoo;  Flint;  Macomb  Co.  Rare. 

CALOPOGON 

1150.  pulchellus,  K.  Br.  Th. 

Bogs.  Common. 

CALYPSO 

1151.  borealis,  Salisb. 

Forty-mile  Point,  Presque  Isle  Co.— Winch.  Cat.;  shores  of  HigginsLake— 
Dr.  D.  Cooley;  Mackinac— Whitney  Cat.;  L.  Superior— J.  Macoun,  in 
Can.  Cat.  Local. 

TIPULARIA 

1152.  discolor,  Nutt. 

Coleman  Cat.;  "X.  Mich.,  Dr.  Cooley  "—Winch.  Cat.;  eastern,  coast  of  L. 
Huron— J.  Macoun.    Our  rarest  orchid. 

MICROSTYLIS 

1153.  monophyllos,  Lindl. 

Hubbardston(!);  Flint;  Macomb  Co.  Rare. 

1154.  ophioglossoides,  Nutt. 

Ann  Arbor— Allmendinger  Cat. ;  Hubbardston(l).  Rare. 

LIPARIS 

1155.  Loeselii,  Richard. 

Ann  Arbor— Allmendinger  Cat.;  abundant  in  a  tamarack  swamp  near 
Ilubbardston(l);  S.  Haven— Bailey;  Flint;  Macomb  Co. 

1156.  liliifolia,  Richard. 

S.  W.— Wright's  Cat. 

CORALLORHIZA 

1157.  innata,  R.  Br.  Th. 

S.  E.— Wright  Cat. ;  L.  Superior,  not  rare— Whitney  Cat. 

1158.  odontorhiza,  Nutt.     (***)  Th. 

Hubbardston(I);  Flint;  northward  to  L.  Superior— Whitney  Cat. 

1159.  multiflora,  Nutt.  Th. 

Hubbardston(I);  Lansing-Bailey;  S.  W.— Wright  Cat.;  northward  to  L. 

Superior. 

1160.  Macraei,  Gray. 

Abundant  at  Mackinac— Whitney  Cat. 


APLECTRUM 

1101.  hyemale,  Nutt. 


C.  &S. 


Rich  woods.  Ann  Arbor— Allmend.  Cat.;  Lansing— Bailev;  Detroit— Gill 
man;  Macomb  Co.;  Montcalm  Co.  (!);  Flint;  Hubbardston  (!);  Grand 
Rapids— Coleman's  Cat.  Scarce. 

CYPRIPEDIUM 

1162.  arietinum,  R.  Brown.     (***)  U.  P. 

Isle  Royal e -Dr.  A.  B.  Lyons.    May  be  looked  for  in  L.  P. 

1163.  candidum,  Muhl.     (***)  0.  &  S. 

Tamarack  swamps.  Ann  Arbor— Winch.  Cat.;  Kalamazoo;  Macomb  Co., 
Flint;  Hubbardston  (!).  Rare. 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


SI 


Smaller  Yel. 
low  Lady's 
Slipper. 


Larger  Yel- 
low Lady's 
Slipper. 
Moccasin- 
Flower. 


Showy  Lady's 
Slipper. 
Pink  L.  S. 


Stemless  La- 
dy's Slipper. 


1164.  parviflorum,  Salisb.     (**)  Xh. 

S^dnifl^w^aslcndKr  sVe£ics\  lea™s  eli-htly  pubescent,  not  much  plait. 
ed  flowers  much  smaller  than  those  of  the  next;  corolla  bright  yellow 
and  much  brown  spotted  inside  In  lines;  sepals  and  side  petals  dark 
brown.purple,  the  latter  several  time  a  twisted,  Csuallj  stows  iu 
clumps,  preferring  very  wet  Bwampe.  aent 

1165.  pubescens,  Willd.     (*:i;)  I,.  p# 

Woods,  in  moist  or  dry  ground.    Much  coat  ray  than  the  nre. 

ceding,    with   strongly.plaited,    hairy  leaves,  and  largo   light 
flowers,  more  or  less  brown-spotted.     Small    forma  of  tl. 
mistaken  for  C.  parviflorum,  but  the  two  species  are  apparently  d 
in  men. 

1166.  spectabile,  Swartz.     (***)  Q.  &  S. 

Swamps     The  largest  species,  as  well  as  the  most  beautiful 
quently  6x10  inches.     Ann  Arbor— Winch.  Cat,;  Kalamazoo— Tuthlll: 

—  I.ni  nv  :    ATncnm  l>  fn  •    I.'  l ;  ■,  i  •    1 1 ..  i.i it i       ...        i  .      •      i  , 


Lansing—  Bailey;  Macomb  Co. 
for  cultivation. 


v»»     i^iiiuim/.'Mj  1    llllllll, 

Flint;  Hubbardston    :  ,  etc.    Desirable 


1167. 


acaule,  Ait.     (: 

Moist  woods  and  sphagnous  swamps. 


f***1) 


Montcalm  Co.  (!),  etc. 


sent. 

Th. 

tent. 


Star-grass. 


AMARYLLIDACEiE. 

(Amary  Ills  Fa m  ihj . ) 
HYPOXYS 

1168.  erecta,  L. 

Meadows. 


Common. 


Colic  root. 
Star-grass. 


ALETKIS 

1169.  farinosa, 

Ann  Arbor- 


HzEMODORACE^E. 

(Bloodwort  Family.) 

L.     (***) 

-Allmend.  Cat.;  Macomb  Co. 


0.  &  8. 

Flint ;  Bnbbardston    I  . 


Wild  Flower- 
de-Luce. 
Larger  Blue 
Flag. 

Lake  Dwarf 
Iris. 


Blue-eyed 
Grass. 


IRIDAOEzE. 
(Iris  Family. ) 
IRIS 

1170.  versicolor,  L.     (**) 

Low  grounds. 

1171.  lacusfcris,  Nutt. 

Bois  Blanc  I.  and  Drummond's  I.— 
"Shores  of  L.  Huron  and  Mich." 

SISYRESTCH1UM 

1172.  Bermudiana,  L. 

Moist  grassy  places. 


Th. 
Common. 


•Winch.  Cat.;  Mackinac— Whitney  Oat. 
'—Gray,  Ley      I  I  ai. 


Tii. 
( lommon. 


Wild  Yam. 
root. 


DIOSOOREA 
1173.  villosa,  L. 

Rich  woods. 
11 


dioscoreaui:  .1-:. 

(Yam  Family,) 


( '.  &  B. 

Frequent. 


82 


MICHIGAN  FLOKA. 


Common 
Greenbriar. 


Common 
Greenbriar. 


Carrion 
Flower. 


Carrion 
Flower. 


SMILACE^E. 

{Smilax  Family.) 


Flint;  Macomb  Co. :  Kent  Co. - 


SMILAX 

1174.  rotuudifolia,  L. 

Ann  Arbor— Allmend.  Cat 

1175.  hispida,  Muhl. 

The  common  woody  species  in  Ionia  and  adjacent  counties. 
Winch.  Cat.;  Hubbardston  (!);  Flint;  Houghton  Lake  (!); 
Lake  Superior— Whitney  Cat. 

3176.  herbacea,  L. 

River  banks.    Flowers  much  visited  by  blow-flies. 

1177.  herbacea,  L.,  var.  pulverulenta,  Gr. 

Ann  Arbor— Allmend.  Cat. 


0.  &s. 

Coleman  Cat. 

Th. 

Ann  Arbor- 
northward  to 

Th. 

Common. 


LILIACE^E. 


Sessile  Trilli- 
um. 

Large  White 
Trillium,  or 
Wake  Robin. 
Birthroot. 
Purple  T. 

Birthroot. 


Birthroot. 


Nodding 
Trillium. 


Dwarf  White 
Trillium. 


Painted  T. 


Indian  Cu- 
cumber-root. 


{Lily  Family.) 

TKILLIUM 

1178.  sessile,  L.  S. 

Dr.  A.  B.  Lyons. 

1179.  grandiflorum,  Salisb.     (***)  Th. 

Rich  woods,    Exceedingly  variable  and  apt  to  sport.  Common. 

1180.  erectum,  L.     (***) 

Ann  Arbor— Winch.  Cat.  Rare. 

1181.  erectum,  L.,  var.  album,  Ph. 

Ann  Arbor— Winch.  Cat.  Rare. 

1182.  erectum,  L.,  var.  declinatum,  Gr. 

The  common  form  in  low  ground  from  the  C.  north.    Fruit  dark  red,  six- 
ribbed,  %  in.  in  diameter— larger  than  the  fr.  of  T.  grandiflorum. 

1183.  cernuum,  L.  C.  &  S. 

S.  Mich.— Winch.  Cat.;  Macomb  Co.;  Flint;  Grand  Rapids.— Coleman  Cat. 

1184.  nivale,  Eiddell.  0.  &  S. 

Low  woods.    One  of  our  earliest  spring  flowers.     Only  observed  along 
Grand  River  Valley.    Hubbardston  (!);  Ionia  (!);  Grand  Rapids.— Cole- 


Zygadene. 


American 
White  Helle- 
bore. 


man  Cat. 

1185.  erythrocarpum,  Michx. 


Rare. 


S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat.;  not  observed  in  the  center  of  the  State;  said  to 
occur  in  U.  P.— Gray's  Manual. 


f***\ 


MEDEOLA 

1186.  Virginica,  L. 

MELANTHIUM 

1187.  Virginicum,  L. 

Macomb  Co.— Dr.  D.  Cooley 
ZYGADENUS 

1188.  glaucus,  Nutt. 

■Wright  Cat 


L.  P. 


s.  w.- 

Cat. 


Dexter,— Dr.  Elmore  Palmer; 
Ionia  (!);  Davisburgh  (!j;  Petoskey  (!). 


L.  P. 

Ann  Arbor -Allmend. 
Rare. 


VEKATKUM 

118!).  viride,  Ait.  (?)  (*) 

Dr.  A.  B.  Lyons. 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


83 


Devil's  Bit. 


False  Aspho- 
del. 


False  Aspho- 
del. 


Large-flow- 
er'd  Bellwort. 

Mealy  Bell- 
wort. 


Sessile-leaved 
Oakesia. 
Wild  Oats. 


Twisted- 
stalk. 


Twisted- 
stalk. 


Clintonia. 


/***\ 


CHAM^ELIRIUM 

1190.  luteum,  Gray. 

Dr.  A.  B.  Lyons. 
TOFIELDIA 

1191.  palustris,  Hudson.  XL  P. 

Isle  Royale,— Dr.  A.  B.  Lyons. 

1192.  glutinosa,  Willd.  Th. 

Sphagnous  swamps.  Frequent. 

UVULARIA 

1193.  grandiflora,  Smith.  (J.  &  S. 

Rich  woods.  Common. 

1194.  perfoliata,  L.  Th. 

Rich  woods.    Marquette  Co.— Burt  MS.  Cat. ;  Flint ;  Macomb  Co. 

Infrequent. 
OAKESIA 

1195.  sessilifolia.  Th. 

Low  woods.  Apparently  infrequent  8.  Ann  Arbor— Allmend.  Oftt.j 
Ypsilanti  (!);  Flint;  Macomb  Co.;  Crystal  Lake,  Montcalm  Co.  (!);  and 
northward  to  Marquette  Co.,— Whitney  Cat. 

STREPTOPUS 

1196.  amplexifolius,  DC. 

Fort  Gi-atiot.— Winch.  Cat.;  Houghton  Lake  (!);  to  L.  Superior  where  it  Is 
rare— Whitney  Cat. 

1197.  roseus,  Michx. 

Drummond's  Is.  and  Sugar  Is. 
very  common— Whitney  Cat. 

CLINTONIA 

1198.  borealis,  Raf. 


-Winch.  Cat.;  to  L.  Superior  n  here  it  Is 


Th. 


Follows  the  Lake  Michigan  shore  down  as  far  as  S.  Haven;  on  the  eastern 
side  of  the  State  reaches  to  Macomb  Co.— Dr.  D.  Cooley;  and  in  the  cen- 
ter of  the  State  is  found  in  Ionia  Co.  (!).  Very  common  north  of  latitude 
43°. 


False  Solo- 
mon's Seal. 
False  Spike- 
nard. 


Smaller  Solo- 
mon's Seal. 


Great  S.  S. 


SMILACINA 

1199.  racemosa,  Desf.     (***) 

Moist  grounds. 

1200.  stellata,  Desf. 

Moist  banks. 

1201.  trifolia,  Desf. 

Sphagnous  swamps. 

MAIANTHEMUM 

1202.  bifolia,  DC. 

Woods,  everywhere. 

POLYGONATUM 

1203.  biflorum,  Ell.     (***) 

Ann  Arbor.— Winch.  Cat.;  Ionia  Co.(!);  and  northward. 


Th. 

Common. 

Th. 

Common. 

Th. 

Frequent. 

Th. 


Th. 
Open  v 

Common. 


1204.  gigantenm,  Dietrich.     (***)  Th. 

River  banks.     Stems  often  very  tall  and  channeled  on  one  Bide.    Inter- 
mediate forms  between  this  and  the  preceding,  occur. 


ASPARAGUS 

Asparagus.  1205.  officinalis,  L.     (***) 

Sparingly  escaped  from  gardens  in  older  parts  of  the  state 


84 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


Wild  Orange- 
red  Lily. 


Wild  Yellow 
Lily. 


Dog's  tooth 
Violet. 
Yellow  Ad- 
der's-tongue. 

White  A. 
White  Dog's- 
tooth  Violet. 


Wild  Leek. 

Wild  Onion. 
Chives. 
Wild  Garlic. 


Th. 


LILIUM 

1206.  Philadelphicum,  L. 

Ann  Arbor— Allmend.  Cat.;  Hubbardston  (!);  Petoskey  (!);  and  north- 
ward.   Not  common  in  the  central  part  of  the  State. 

1207.  Canadense,  L.  Th. 

Meadows  and  along  streams.    Common  in  the  center  of  the  State. 

1208.  superbum,  L.  C.  &  S. 

Low  grounds.    Ann  Arbor  (Miss  Clark)— Winch.  Cat. ;  Flint;  S.  Haven- 
Bailey. 

ERYTHRONIUM 

1209.  Americanum,  Smith. 

Low  copses. 

albidum,  Nutt. 


/-***\ 


1210. 


Th. 

Common. 

c.  &s. 


Ann  Arbor— Allmend.  Cat.;  Lansing— Bailey;  Macomb  Co.;  Flint;  Hub- 
bai'dston  (!).  "At  L.  Superior  Dr.  Robbins  found  a  plant  like  this  but 
yellow -flowered,  a  transition  towards  E.  grandiflorum."— Gray's  Man. 


ALLIUM 

1211.  tricoccum,  Ait. 


Th. 


Rich  woods.  Cattle  pastured  in  woodlands  in  early  spring  are  sure  to 
find  and  eat  this  plant,  and  the  "garlic"  odor  of  wild  le£k  is  only  too 
well  known  to  butter  buyers  in  the  rural  districts. 

1212.  cernuum,  Roth.  S. 

Ann  Arbor— Allmend.  Cat.;  Put-in  Bay,  0.(!) 

1213.  Schcenoprasum,  L.  U.  P. 

Dr.  A.  B.  Lyons;  Gray's  Manual. 

1214.  Canadense,  Kalm.     (***)  C.  &  S. 

Woods.  Common. 


Wood-Rush, 
Wood-Rush. 
Wood-Rush. 
Wood-Rush. 


Common  or 
Soft  Rush. 

Rush,  or  Bog 
Rush. 


Bog  Rush. 
Bog  Rush. 
Bog  Rush. 
Bog  Rush. 


JUNCACE^E. 

{Rush  Family.) 

LUZULA 

1215.  pilosa,  Willd. 

Woods. 

1216.  parviflora,  Desv.,  var.  melanocarpa,  Gr. 

Dr.  A.  B.  Lyons. 

1217.  campestris,  DO. 

Dry  woods. 

1218.  spicata,  Desvaux. 

Dr.  A.  B.  Lyons. 

JUNCUS 

1219.  effusus,  L. 

Marshy  grounds. 

1220.  filiformis,  L. 

Saginaw  Bay— Winch.  Cat.;  L.  Superior— Jno.  Macoun. 

1221.  Balticus,  Dethard.     - 

Sandy  shores.    S.  Haven— Bailey;  to  Petoskey(!);  and  northward. 

1222.  stygius,  L. 

"N.  shore  of  Lake  Superior,  Mr.  Wheeler."— Gray's  Manual. 

1223.  marginatum,  Rostk. 

S.  Mich.— Winch.  Cat.;  Macomb  Co.— Dr.  D.  Cooley. 

1224.  bufonius,  L.  C.  &  S. 

Roadsides.  Common 


Th. 

Common. 

U.  P. 

c.  &s. 

Frequent. 

U.P. 


Th. 

Common. 

Th. 


Th. 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


S5 


Biack-Grass.        1225.  Gerardi,  Loisel. 

"Rare  along  the  Great  Lakes."— Gray's  Man. 

Bog  Rush.  1226.  tenuis,  Willd. 

Low  grounds.     A  tall  form,   2#  feet  high,  grows  at   Muir;   and  Palo, 
Ionia  Co.(!)  common. 

Bog  Rush.  1227.  Greenii,  Oakes  &  Tuckerman.  S.  E, 

DetroitC!). 

Bog  Rush.  1228.  Vaseyi,  Engelm.  >.  j;. 

With  the  last. 

Bog  Rush.  1229.  pelocarpns,  E.  Meyer.  L.  I'. 

Bear  Lake,  Manistee  Co.— E.  J.  Hill;  Macomb  Co.— Dr.  D.  Cooley. 

Bog  Rush.  1230.  articulatus,  L.  Th. 

S.  Haven— Bailey;  common  at  Petoskey(l);  and  northward. 

Bog  Rush.  1231.  alpinus,  Villars,  var.  insignis,  Fries.  U.  P. 

"Along  the  Great  Lakes  northward  and  westward."— day. 

Bog  Rush.  1232.  acuminatus,  Michx.,  var.  legitimus,  Engelm.       ('.  ,v  8. 

Macomb  Co.;  Fruitport— E.  J.  Hill;  Hubbardston(!). 

Bog  Rush.  1233.  nodosus,  L.  Th. 

Gravelly  banks.  ,]Uon. 

Bog  Rush.  1234.  nodosus,  L.,  var.  megacephalus,  Torr. 

Montcalm  Co.(!) 

Bog  Rush.  1235.  brachycarpus,  Engelm. 

Dr.  Engelmann. 

Bog  Rush.  1236.  Canadensis,  J.  Gay,  var.  longicaudatus,  Engelm.  C. 

Fruitport— E.  J.  Hill;  Macomb  Co.;  Lansing. 

Bog  Rush.  1237.  Canadensis,  J.  Gay,  var.  brachycephalu.^,  Engelm. 

HubbarclstonC'.). 

Bog  Rush.  1238.  Canadensis,  J.  Gay,  var.  coarctatus,  Engelm. 

Muir(!);  Hubbardston(i);  to  L.  Superior. 


Pickerel, 
weed. 


Water  Star- 
grass. 


PONTEDERIACE/E. 

(Pickerel-weed  Family.) 


PONTEDERIA 

1239.  cordata,  L. 


Th. 


Borders  of  lakes  and  slow  streams.    Lakes  in  Oakland  Co.(!);  Ann  Arbor; 
Ionia  Co.  (!);  and  northward. 

SCHOLLERA 

1240.  graminea,   Willd.  C.  a  8. 

Ann  Arbor.—  Allmend.  Cat.;    Dexter.— Dr.   Elmore  Palmer;  Gnu 
ids(!);  Hubbardston(i).     In  streams.  •nun. 


Day-flower. 


Common  Spi- 
derwort. 


COMMELYNACEiE. 
(Spiderwort   Family.) 

COMMELYNA 

1241.  Virginica,  L. 

Wright  Cat. 
TRADEJSCANTIA 

1242.  Virginica,  L. 


S.  w. 


0.4  s. 


Moist  woods.     Ionia  Co.(!);  Grand BapidB(!);  Ann  Arbor. —Allmendinger 

Cat.    Frequent.    Often  cultivated  in  the  Eastern  Btat 


86 


Yellow-eyed 
Grass. 


MICHIGAN  FLOKA. 

XYRIDACE^E. 

{Yellow -eyed  Grass  Family.) 

XYRIS 

1243.  flexuosa,  Mahl. 

Macomb  Co.(!);  S.  W.— Wright  Cat. 


ERIOCAULONACE^E. 

( Pipewort  Family. ) 

ERIOCAULON 

Pipewort.  1244.  septangulare,  With. 

S.  W.— Wright  Cat. ;  Macomb  Co. 


Infrequent. 


Galingale. 
Galingale. 
Galingale. 
Galingale. 


Galingale. 
Nut-grass. 


Galingale. 
Galingale. 
Galingale. 
Galingale. 
Galingale. 

Kyllingia. 

Dulichium. 


Umbrella 
Grass. 


CYPERACE^E. 

{Sedge  Family.) 

CYPERUS 

1245.  flavescens,  L. 

Grand  Rapids.— Coleman  Cat.; 

1246.  diandrus,  Torr. 

Low  grounds. 

1247.  erythrorhizos,  Muhl. 

Macomb  Co.— Dr.  D.  Cooley. 

1248.  inflexus,  Muhl. 

Coleman  Cat. 

1249.  phymatodes,  Muhl. 


S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat. 


0.J&  s. 


A  troublesome  weed  on  low  grounds,  spreading  rapidly  by 
nut-like  tubers.    Hard  to  eradicate.    Muir  (!);  Flint;  Grand 

1250.  strigosus,  L. 

,Low  grounds. 

1251.  Michauxiaous,  Schultes. 

Low  grounds.    Hubbardston  (!);  Flint,  etc. 

1252.  Engelmanni,  Steud. 

Fruitport.— E.  J.  Hill. 

1253.  Schweinitzii,  Torr. 

Lake  Michigan  Shore  at  S.  Haven,— Bailey. 

1254.  filiculmis,  Vahl. 

Sterile  soil. 
KYLLINGIA 

1255.  pumila,  Michx. 

Dr.  Lyons. 

DULICHIUM 

1256.  spathaceum,  Pers. 

Borders  of  ponds  and  swamps. 
FUIRENA 

1257.  squarrosa,  Michx.,  var.  pumila,  Torr. 

Macomb  Co.— Dr.  D.  Cooley. 


0.  &  s. 

means  of  its 
Rapids,  etc. 
Frequent. 

0.  &s. 

Common. 


Common. 


s.  w. 

0.  &S. 

Common. 


s. 


Th. 

Common. 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


87 


Hemicarpha. 

Spike-rush. 
Spike-rush. 
Spike-rush. 
Spike-rush. 
Spike-rush. 

Spike -rush. 
Spike-rush. 

Spike-rush. 
Spike-rush. 


Bulrush. 
Bulrush. 

Bulrush. 


Sea  Club 
Rush. 


River  Club 
Rush. 


HEMICARPHA 

1258.  subsquarrosa,  Nees. 

S.  W.— Wright  Cat. 

ELEOCHARIS 

1259.  equisetoides,  Torr. 

S.  E.— Wright  Cat. 

1260.  quadrangulata,  R.  Br.  C.  &.  S. 

S.Mich.— Gray;  Flint;  border  of  Crystal  Lake,  Montcalm  Co.  (!).    Bare. 

1261.  obtusa,  Shultes.  C.  ft  S. 
Wet  grounds.  Common. 

1262.  palustris,  E.  Br.  Th. 
Wet  places.  Common. 

1263.  rostellata,  Torr. 

Marshes.    Hubbardston  (!);  Macomb  Co.;  Drummond's  L— Winch.  Oet 

l::irc 

1264.  intermedia,  Schultes. 

Macomb  Co.— Dr.  D.  Cooley;  Grand  Traverse  Bay.— Winch.  Cat. 

1265.  tenuis,  Schultes.  C.  d 

S.  E.— Wright  Cat. ;  Hubbardston  (!)  Infrequent. 

1266.  acicularis,  E.  Br. 

Muddy  shores.  Common. 

1267.  pygmaea,  Torr.  (  . 

Near  salt  springs.     Flint;  Maple  River,  Clinton  Co.  (!) 
SCIRPUS 

1268.  pauciflorus,  Lightfoot. 

Michigan  and  northwestward.— Gray's  Man. 

1269.  ca3spitosus,  L. 

Dr.  A.  B.  Lyons. 

1270.  Clintonii,  Gray. 

Bluffs  along  Fish  Creek,  Hubbardston(!);  Flint— Dr.  D.  Clark 

1271.  planifolius,  Muhl. 

Flint;  Macomb  Co.  Bare 

1272.  subterminalis,  Torr.  C  &  3. 

Houghton  Lake(!);  Woodard  Lake,  Ionia  Co.(!);  Flint;  Macomb  < 
Mich.— Wr.  Cat. 

1273.  pungens,  Vahl. 

Borders  of  ponds. 

1274.  Torreyi,  Olney. 

Borders  of  ponds.— Gray. 

1275.  validus,  Vahl. 

In  still  water. 

1276.  Smithii,  Gray. 

Macomb  Co. 

1277.  maritimus,  L. 
S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat. 

1278.  fluviatilis,  Gray. 

Margins  of  rivers.  S   Mich.— Winch.  Oat.;  Macomb  Co, 
abundant  along  Maple  River. 

1279.  atrovirens,  Muhl. 

Wet  meadows. 

1280.  polyphyllus,  Vahl. 

S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat. 


U.  P. 


Infrequent. 

L  r. 

Common. 


Tli. 
Common. 


c.  A  s. 

Hnbbnrd 

Th. 

I    mmon. 


88 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


Bulrush. 


Wool-grass. 


Alpine  Cotton- 
grass. 

Sheathed  Cot- 
ton-grass. 


Virginian  Cot- 
ton-grass. 


Many  Stem- 
med Cotton- 
grass. 

Graceful  Cot- 
ton-grass. 


c.  &s. 

Hubbardston  (!). 
Infrequent. 

Th. 

Frequent. 

Th. 

Infrequent. 

Th. 

Sphagnous  swamps.     S.  Mich.— "Winch.  Cat.;   Lansing— Baily;   Macomb 
Co.;  Hubbarclston  (!);  Stanton  (!);  and  northward.  Rare. 

Th. 

Hubbarclston  (!); 
Infrequent. 

L.  P. 

Common. 

Th. 


1281.  lineatus,  Michx. 

River  banks.    S.  Mich.— Winch.  Cat. ;  Flint;  Macomb  Co. 

1282.  Eriophorum,  Michx. 

"Wet  meadows. 
ERIOPHORUM 

1283.  alpinuin,  L. 

Mud  Lake  (!);  Petoskey— E.  J.  Hill;  Macomb  Co. 

1284.  vaginatum,  L. 


Flint; 


Beak  Rush. 


Beak  Rush. 
Beak  Rush. 

Twig  Rush. 

Nut  Rush. 
Nut  Rush. 

Sedge. 
Sedge. 
Sedge. 


1285.  Virginicum,  L. 

■  Sphagnous  swamps, 
northward. 

1286.  polystachyon,  L. 

Swamps. 

1287.  gracile,  Koch. 

S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat. 
northward. 

FIMBRISTYLIS 

1288.  spadicea,  Vahl.,  var 

S.  W.— Wright  Cat. 

1289.  autumnalis,  Roem 

S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat. 

1290.  capillaris,  Gray. 

S.  Mich.— Winch.  Cat.;  Detroit  (!; 
RHYNCHOSPORA 

1291.  alba,  Vahl. 

Bogs.    Ann  Arbor— Allmend.  Cat 
Winch.  Cat. 


Ann  Arbor— Allmend.  Cat.;  Flint: 


Hubbarclston  (!);    Montcalm  Co.  (!);  and 

Rare. 


castauea,  Gr, 

&  Schultes. 


Beak  Rush.  1292.  capillacea,  Torr. 


Bogs  and  sandy  lake  shores.    Hubbardston  (!);  Flint; 
toskey  (!). 


L.  P. 

Macomb  Co.;  Hubbardston  (\);  N.  E.— 
Infrequent. 

Th. 

Macomb  Co,;   Pe- 
Infrequent. 


1293.  capillacea,  Torr.,  var.  leviseta,  Hill. 

Shore  Grand  Traverse  Bay,  near  Torch  Lake— E.  J.  Hill. 

1294.  glomerata,  Vahl. 

S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat.;  Macomb  Co. 
CLADIUM 

1295.  mariscoides,  Torr.  G.  &  S. 

Bogs.    S.  Mich— Wright  Cat.;  Macomb  Co.;  Flint;  Hubbardston  (!). 
SCLERIA 

1296.  triglomerata,  Michx.  G.  &  S. 

S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat.;  Macomb  Co.;  Flint. 

1297.  verticillata,  Muhl. 

Macomb  Co.— Dr.  D.  Cooley. 
CAREX 

1298.  gynocrates,  Wormskiold. 

N.  E.  and  N.  W.— Winch.  Cat. 

1299.  soirpoidea,  Michx. 

N.  E.— Winch.  Cat. 

1300.  pauciflora,  Lightfoot.  U.  P. 

U.  P.— Dr.  A.  B.  Lyons;  Chocolate  R.,  L.  Superior— Henry  Gillman. 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


89 


Sedge. 

1301. 

Sedge. 

1302. 

Sedge. 

1303. 

Sedge. 

1304. 

Sedge. 

1305. 

Sedge. 

1306. 

Sedge. 

1307. 

Sedge. 

1308. 

Sedge. 

1309. 

Sedge. 

1310. 

Sedge. 

1311. 

Sedge. 

1312. 

Sedge. 

1313. 

Sedge. 

1314. 

Sedge. 

1315. 

Sedge. 

1316. 

Sedge. 

1317. 

Sedge. 

1318. 

Sedge. 

1319. 

Sedge. 

1320. 

Sedge. 

1321. 

Sedge. 

1322. 

Sedge. 

1323. 

Sedge. 

1324. 

-Sedsre. 

1325. 

polytrichoides,  Muhl. 

Low  grounds. 

Willdenovii,  Schk. 

Bear  Lake,  Van  Buren  Co.— E.  J.  Hill. 

Steudelii,  Kuuth. 

Dr.  A.  B.  Lyons. 

Backii,    Boott. 

Ontonagon  River.— Whitney  Cat. 

bromoides,  Schk. 

Low  grounds. 

siccata,  Dew. 

Barrens.    Macomb  Co.;  Flint;  IIubbardston(!). 

distich  a,  Huds. 


Th. 

Common. 

Bare. 


v.  p. 

Th. 

Common. 

0. 

Infrequent. 

Th. 


S.Mich.— Winch.  Cat.;  Macomb  Co. ;  Flint,  Snbbardston(l)  and  northward. 

teretinscula,  Good.  Th. 

Swamps.  Common. 

teretinscula,  var.  major,  Koch. 

Hubbard  s  ton  (1). 

decomposita,  Muhl. 

Hubbardston(i);  Ann  Arbor.— Allmendinger  Cat.;  s.  Midi.;  Wrigh 

ran-. 


vulpinoidea,  Michx. 

Low  meadows. 

Kuttallii,  Schw. 

Dr.  A.  B.  Lyons. 

stipata,  Muhl. 

Low  grounds. 

coujuucta,  Boott. 

Flint.— Dr.  D.  Clark.    Hubbardston  (!). 

alopecoidea,  Tuckennau. 

Macomb  Co.;  Gray's  Man. 

muricata,  L. 

Macomb  Co.— Dr.  D.  Cooley. 

sparganioides,  Muhl. 

Low,  rich  grounds. 

cephaloidea,  Dew.  &  Boott. 

Fields.    Macomb  Co.— Cooley;  Ann  Arbor.— Allmend.  Cat. 

cephalophora,  Muhl. 

Open  woods. 

Miihlenbergii,  Schk. 

Fields.    Hubbardston  (!);  Macomb  Co. 

rosea,  Schk. 

Moist  woods. 

rosea,  Schk.,  var.  retroflexa,  Olncv. 

Dr.  A.  B.  Lyons. 

chordorhiza,  Ehrh. 


Th. 

Common. 


Th. 

Common. 

Infrequent. 


o.  a  3. 

Frequent. 

0.  &s. 

Common. 

0.  a  3. 

Infrequent, 
[uent. 


Th. 

.    MacombOo.;  Bubbardston  ,'  i  Btanton,  Mont.-:/ 


CD. 
tenella,  Schk. 

S.  e. -Wright  Cat.;  Macomb  Co.;  Flint;  Hubbardston 

rt.lnvMi'il. 

C.  N.  &  U.  P. 


Th. 

.  and 
northward. 

trisperma,  Dew. 

Upland  swamps.    Hubbardston  (!) ;  Flint;  Macomb  Oa ;. and  nortbwwj 


90  MICHIGAN  FLORA. 

sedge.  1326.  tenuiflora,  Wahl. 

Macomb  Co.;  U.  P.— Whitney  Cat. 

sedge.  1327.  canescens,  L.  Th. 

S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat.;  Hubbardston  (!);  Flint;  Macomb  Co.;  and  north- 
ward.   Swamps.  Frequent. 

sedge.  1328.  vitilis,  Fries.  Th. 

Hubbardston  (!);  Flint,  etc.  Infrequent. 

sedge.  1329.  Deweyana,  Schw.  Th. 

Woods.  Frequent. 

sedge.  i33o.  sterilis,  Willd.  Th. 

S.  Mich.— Winch.  Cat.;  Hubbardston  (!);  Flint;  Macomb  Co.;  and  north- 
ward. 

sedge.  1331.  stellulata,  L.  Th. 

S.  E.— Wright  Cat.;  Hubbardston  (!);  Flint;  Macomb  Co.;  and  northward 

sedge.  1332.  sychnocephala,  Carey. 

Crystal,  Montcalm  Co.  (!);  the  only  known  station  in  the  State. 

sedge.  1333.  Muskingumensis,  Schw. 

Borders  of  a  marsh  in  Ronald,  Ionia  Co.  ( !);  Flint. 

Sedge.  1334.  scoparia,  Schk. 

Low  grounds,  everywhere. 

sedge.  1335.  lagopc-dioides,  Schk. 

Moist  shady  places.  Common. 

Sedge.  133G.  lagopc-dioides,  Schk.,  var.  cristata,  Carey,  C.  &  S. 

Low  grounds.  Common. 

sedge.  1337.  lagopodioides,  Schk.,  var.  mirabilis,  Olney. 

With  the  last.  Common. 

sedge.  1338.  albalutescens,  Schw. 

Hubbardston  (!). 

sedge.  1339.  straminea,  Schk.,  var.  typica,  Boott. 

Ann  Arbor,— Allmendinger  Cat. ;  Flint. 

Sedge.  1340.  straminea,  Schk.,  var.  festacacea,  Boott. 

S.  Mich.— Winch.  Cat.;  Macomb  Co.:  Flint;  Hubbardston  (!). 

Infrequent. 

sedge.  1341.  tenera,  Dewey. 

Ann  Arbor.— Allmendinger  Cat. ;  Macomb  Co. ;  Flint;  Hubbardston  (!) 

Frequent, 

sedge.  1342.  tenera,  Dewey,  var.  major,  Olney. 

Hubbardston  (!). 

Sedge.  1343.  vulgaris,  Fries. 

S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat.;  Coleman  Cat. 

sedge.  1344.  aquatilis,  Wahl.  Th. 

Margins  of  streams.     S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat.;  Flint;  Macomb  Co.    Hub- 
bardston (!);  Sitting  Rabbit— Winch.  Cat.  Infrequent. 

sedge.  1345.  torta,  Boott.   (?). 

sedge.  1346.  stricta,  Lam.  Th. 

Low  grounds.  Common. 

sedge.  1347.  lenticularis,  Michx.  IT.  P. 

"Upper  Michigan,"— Gray;   Laughing  Fish  R.,  L.  Superior— Henry  Gill- 
man. 

sedge.  1348.  crinita,  Lam.  Th. 

Low  grounds.  Common. 

edge.  1349.  gynandra,  Schw.,  Boott. 

Dr.  Gray. 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


91 


Sedge. 

Sedge. 
Sedge. 

Sedge. 
Sedge. 

Sedge. 
Sedge. 

Sedge. 

Sedge. 

Sedge. 

Sedge. 

Sedge. 

Sedge. 

Sedge. 

Sedge. 

Sedge. 

Sedge. 
Sedge. 
Sedge. 
Sedge. 
Sedge. 

Sedge. 
Sedge. 
Sedge. 
Sedge. 


1350.  limosa,  L. 


Bogs.     Ann  Arbor— Allmend. 
northward. 


Cat.;  Macomb  Co.; 


irrigua,  Smith. 

Sphagnous  swamps. 


1351. 

1352.  Buxbaumii,  Wahl. 


Macomb  Co.;  Isabella  Co.(!) 


Th. 

IIubbardston(!);  and 
Infrequent. 

0.,  N.  &  U.  P. 

Rare. 

Th. 

Hubb;ir<lston(!); 


1353. 
1354. 

1355. 
1356. 

135?. 

1358. 

1359. 

1360 

1361. 

1362. 

1363. 

1364. 

1365. 

1366. 
1367. 
1368. 
1369. 
1370. 

1371. 
1372, 
1373 
1374 


U.  P. 


Bogs.    S.  E.— Winch.  Cat.;  Lansing-Bailey;  Macomb  Co 
northward  to  L.  Superior—  Whitney  Cat. 

alpina,Schw. 

Isle  Royale— Whitney  Cat. 

aurea,  Nutt.  Th. 

Borders  of  cool  springs.    S.  E.-Wright  Cat.;  Ann  Arbor- Allmend.  Cat.; 
Macomb  Co. ;  IIubbardston(!);  FetoskeyU);  and  northward. 

Infrequent. 


livida,  Willd.     (?) 

panicea,  L.,  var.  refracta,  Olney. 

"Lake  Superior  {Bobbins  and  Porter)  and  northward."— (..ray 

panicea,  L.,  var.  Meadii,  Olney. 

Macomb  Co. ;  Hubbardston(!). 

panicea,  L.,  var.  tetanica,  Olney. 

S.Mich.— Winch.  Cat.;  Macomb  Co.;  Flint;  IIubbardston(!). 

microdonta,  Torr. 

N.  Mich.— Winch.  Cat.;  Macomb  Co. 

Haleana,  Olney. 

Banks  of  Fish  creek,  Hubbardston(!). 

granularis,  Muhl. 

Low  grounds. 

Torreyi,  Tuckerman. 

Dr.  A.  B.  Lyons. 

pallescens,  L. 

Dr.  A.  B.  Lyons. 

conoidea,  Schk. 

S.  E.— Wright  Cat. ;  Flint. 

grisea,  Wahl. 

Moist  woods.    Hubbardston(!) 
Lake  Superior— Whitney  Cat. 

Davisii,  Schw.  &  Torr. 

Sitting  Rabbit— Winch.  Cat. 

formosa,  Dew. 

Macomb  Co. 

Th. 

Common. 

B. 

Detroit(!). 

triceps,  Michx. 

Th. 


Flint;    Drummond's  I. 


U.  P. 

0.  &  s. 
C.  &  3. 

Rare. 


Th. 
Common. 

U.  P. 


C.  ft  s. 

infrequent. 


Winch.  Cat;  to 

Frequent. 


0.  &  s. 


S.  Mich.— Winch.  Cat.; 

gracillima,  Schk. 

Wet  meadows. 

virescens,  Muhl. 

S.  Mich.— Winch.  Cat. ; 


Lam. 


Flint;  Ilubbardston  (!). 


.  plantagmea 

Hillsides. 

.  Carey  an  a,  Torr. 

Rich  woods.    Macomb  Co, 

.  platyphylla,  Carey. 

Grand  Rapids-Coleman's  Cat.;  Ilubbardston  (!) 

retrocurva,  Dew. 

Flint;  Hubbardston  (!). 


c. 

Rire. 
C. 

Infrequent. 

c. 

In  frequent. 


92  MICHIGAN  FLORA. 

sedge.  1375.  digitalis,  Willd.  0. 

Macomb  Co.;  Flint;  Hubbardston  (!). 

Sedge.  1376.  laxiflora,  Lam. 

Beech  and  maple  woods.    Exceedingly  variable.    Many  forms  occur. 

Common. 

sedge.  1377.  oligocarpa,  Schk.  0. 

Flint;  Macomb  Co.— Dr.  D.  Cooley. 

sedge.  1378.  Hitchcockiana,  Dew.  0. 

Woods.    Flint;  Hubbardston  (!). 

sedge.  1379.  eburnea,  Boott.  Th. 

Hillsides.  Frequent. 

sedge.  1380.  pedunculata,  Muhl.  C.  &  S. 

Hillsides.  Frequent. 

sedge.  1381.  umbellata,  Schk. 

Flint— Dr.  D.  Clark.  Rare. 

sedge.  1382.  Novae-Angliee,  Schw. 

S.  E.— Wright  Cat. 

sedge.  1383.  Emmonsii,  Dew. 

Grand  Traverse— Winch.  Cat. 

sedge.  1384.  Pennsylvania,  Lam. 

Dry  woods. 

sedge.  1385.  varia,  Muhl. 

With  the  last.    Macomb  Co.;  Hubbardston  (!). 

sedge.  1386.  Kichardsonii,  R.  Br. 

Barrens.    Ionia  Co.  (!);  Macomb  Co. 

sedge.  1387.  pubescens,  Muhl. 

S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat.;  Macomb  Co.;   Hubbardston  (!)  to  Lake  Superior- 
Whitney  Cat.  Frequent. 

sedge.  1388.  miliacea,  Muhl.  0.  &  S. 

Wet  meadows.    S.  Mich.— Winch  Cat;  Flint.  Frequent. 

sedge.  1389.  Scabrata,  Schw.  Th. 

Banks  of  streams.    Flint;  Grand  Rapids— Coleman  Cat. ;  Hubbardston  (!), 
to  Lake  Superior— Whitney  Cat.  Infrequent. 

sedge.  1390.  arctata,  Boott.  Th. 

Woods.    S.  Mich.— Winch.  Cat;  Petoskey  (!).  Infrequent. 

sedge.  1391.  debilis,  Michx. 

Bear  Lake,  Van  Buren  Co.— E.  J.  Hill. 

sedge.  1392.  capillaris,  L.  IT.  P. 

Point  de  Tour,  Lake  Michigan— Gray. 

sedge.  1393.  flexilis,  Ruclge.  Th. 

Woods.    Montcalm  Co.  (!);  Macomb  Co.;  L.  Superior— Whitney  Cat. 

Rare. 

sedge.  1394.  flava,  L.  Th. 

Sphagnous  swamps.    S.  E.— Wright  Cat.;  Montcalm  Co.;  Hubbardston  (!); 
Petoskey  (!);  and  northward.  Frequent. 

Sedge.  1395.  (Ederi,  Ehrh.  Th. 

Margins  of  lakes.    Oakland  Co.  (!);  Flint;  Petoskey  (!);  Drummond's  I. 
—Winch.  Cat. 

sedge.  1396.  filiformis,  L. 


c 

.  &s. 

Common. 

Th. 

Scarce. 

Scax'ce. 

0. 

&s. 

sedge.  1397.  lanuginosa,  Michx. 


Bogs.    S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat. ;  Hubbardston  (!);  Macomb  Co. ;  Flint.  . 

Rare. 


River  banks.    S.  E.— Winch.  Cat. ;  Macomb  Co.;  Flint;  Hubbardston  (!); 
and  northward.  Scarce. 

sedge.  1398.  Houghtonii,  Ton*. 

N.  part  of  Clare  Co.  (!).    Only  station  known  in  the  State. 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


93 


Sedge. 
Sedge. 
Sedge. 
Sedge. 
Sedge. 

Sedge. 

Sedge. 

Sedge. 

Sedge. 

Sedge. 

Sedge. 

Sedge. 

Sedge. 
Sedge. 
Sedge. 

Sedge. 

Sedge. 

Sedge. 

Sedge. 

Sedge. 
Sedge. 

Sedge. 


1399. 
1400. 
1401. 
1402. 
1403. 

1404. 

1405. 

1406. 

1407. 

1408. 

1409. 

1410. 

1411. 
1412. 
1413. 

1414. 

1415. 

1416. 

1417. 

1418. 
1419. 

1420. 


riparia,  Curtis. 

"Wet  places. 

aristata,  R.  Br. 

"  Lake  shores  and  river  banks."— Gray's  Manual. 

trichocarpa,  Muhl. 

S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat.;  Macomb  Co. 

comosa,  Boott. 

Wet  places. 

Pseudo-Cyperus,  L. 

Margins  of  streams.     S.  Mich.— Wright   Cat.; 
ston  (!). 

hystricina,  Willd. 

Wet  meadows. 

tentaculata,  Muhl. 

Antrim  Co. ;  S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat. 

intumescens,  Rudge. 

Swamps. 

Grayii,  Carey. 

Low  grounds.    Macomb  Co.;  Flint;  Ilubbardston  (!). 

lupulina,  Muhl. 

Low  grounds. 

lupulif ormis,  Sartwell. 

Macomb  Co. 

folliculata,  L. 

S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat. 

rostrata,  Michx. 
subulata,  Michx. 
squarrosa,  L. 

S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat. 

retrorsa,  Schw. 

River  banks. 

utriculata,  Boott. 

Swamps. 

monile,  Tuckerman. 

Mud  Lake,  Petoskey— E.  J, 

Tuckerrnani,  Boott. 

Wright  Cat. 


c.  &  s. 

Common. 


('.  &   S. 
Infrequent. 
C.  & 

Common. 


Macomb  Co.;    Hubbard* 
Infrequent. 

Tli. 
Common. 

U  P. 


Th. 

Common. 

0.  &  s. 

Common. 


Macomb  Co. ;  to  L.  Superior. 


Flint: 

(?) 


Ilubbardston  (!); 


Hill. 


Swamps.    S.  Mich, 
and  northward. 


Ilubbardston  (!);   Flint; 


0.  &  8. 

Th. 
Frequent. 

Th. 

Common. 

X. 


Macon 
Frequent. 


bullata,  Schk. 

Macomb  Co.;  Flint. 

oligosperma,  Michx. 

Borders  of  swamps  and  lakes.    Ilubbardston  (!); 
well(!);  Houghton  Lake  (!). 

longirostris,  Ton*. 

Woods.    Flint;  Ilubbardston  (!). 


rd  Lake 


GKAMINEJS. 
is  Family,) 


LEERSIA 
White  Grass.        1421.  Virginica,  Will( 

Wet  woods. 


0.  &  s. 

Frequent. 


94 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


Rice  Cut- 
grass. 


Indian  Eice. 
Water-oats. 


Meadow  Fox- 
tail. 

Floating  Fox- 
tail. 


Wild  Foxtail. 


Timothy. 
Herd's  Grass. 


Rush  Grass. 
Rush  Grass. 


Drop-seed 
Grass. 

Drop-seed 
Grass. 


Drop-seed 
Grass. 


Thin  Grass. 


Hair  Grass. 

Brown  Bent- 
grass. 

Red-top. 

Fiorin. 
White  Bent- 
grass. 


Wood  Reed- 
grass. 


1422.  oryzoides,  Swartz. 

River  banks. 
ZIZANIA 

1423.  aquatica,  L. 


0.  &S. 

Frequent. 

Th. 


Borders  of  large  streams  and  lakes.  Wright  Cat.;  South  Haven— Bailey; 
Montcalm  Co.;  Hubbardston  (!);  and  northward.  Yields  an  edible 
grain,  formerly  gathered  by  tne  Indians,  and  now  greedily  eaten  by 
wild  ducks  which  haunt  lakes  and  rivers  during  its  ripening  in  innu- 
merable numbers. 

1424.  miliacea,  Michx. 

Grand  Ledge.— Prof.  W.  J.  Beal. 

ALOPECURUS 

1425.  pratensis,  L. 

L.  Superior— Whitney  Cat. 

1426.  geniculatus,  L. 

S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat.;  Macomb  Co. 

1427.  aristulatus,  Michx. 

In  water.    Lansing— Bailey;  Hubbardston  (!);  Flint;  and  northward. 

Frequent. 

PHLEUM 

1428.  pratense,  L. 

Meadows  everywhere.    Cultivated  for  hay. 

1429.  alpinum,  L. 

L.  Superior— Whitney  Cat. 
VILFA 

1430.  aspera,  Beauv. 

Dr.  Lyons. 

1431.  vaginseflora,  Ton*. 

Dr.  Lyons;  Flint. 

SPOROBOLUS 

1432.  junceus,  Kunth. 

Dr.  Lyons. 

1433.  cryptandrus,  Gray. 

S.  Mich.— Winch.  Cat. 

1434.  serotinus,  Gray. 

Sandy  wet  places— Gray's  Manual. 

AGROSTIS 

1435.  perennans,  Tuckerman. 

Swamps.    S.  Mich.— Wright;  Macomb  Co.;  Hubbardston  (!). 


1436.  scabra,  Willd. 

Sterile  soil. 

1437.  canina,  L. 

Ann  Arbor— Winch.  Cat. 

1438.  vulgaris,  With. 

Low  meadows  everywhere.    Naturalized  from  Europe. 

1439.  alba,  L. 


Frequent. 

Th. 

Common. 


Th. 


With  the  last,  along  river  banks.    Naturalized  from  Europe.    This  and  the 
preceding  are  thought  by  some  authors  to  be  indigenous. 


CINNA 
1440.  arundinacea,  L. 

Low  Grounds. 


Th. 

Frequent. 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


95 


Wood  Reed- 
grass. 


Drop-seed 
Grass. 


Drop-seed 
Grass. 


Nimble  Will. 


Blue  Joint. 


Reed  Bent- 
grass. 


1441.  arundinacea,  L.,  var.  pendula.  Gray. 

Petoskey  (!);  L.  Superior- Whitney  Cat. 


N.  &  U.  P. 


MUHLENBERGIA 

1442.  sobolifera,  Trin. 

Open  rocky  woods,  Michigan— Gray. 

1443.  glomerata,  Trin.  Th. 

Marshes.     Used  for  forage  in  Dakota,  but  too  coarse  to  be  of  value  where 
anything  else  is  attainable.  uent. 

1444.  Mexicana,  Trin.  C.  &  S. 

Low  grounds.  Common. 

1445.  sylvatica,  Torr.  and  Gray. 

Hubbardston  (!);  Flint;  Lansing— Bailey.  Frequent. 

1446.  Willdenovii,  Trin.  0.  4  9, 

Woods.    Flint;  Macomb  Co.;  8.  Mich.- Wright  Cat. 

1447.  diffusa,  Schreber.  C.  &  S. 


Open  woods,  and  becoming  frequent  around  dwellings.    S.  Mich.— Wright 
Cat.;  So.  Haven— Bailey;  Lansing  (!);  Flint;  Hubbardston  (!). 


BRACHYELYTRUM 
1448.  aristatum,  Beany. 


Woods 


Th. 

Frequent. 


CALAMAGROSTIS 

1449.  Canadensis,  Beauv. 

This  is  a  very  valuable  grass  to  the  lake  settlers  (U.  P.),  rarelv  of  manv 
acres  in  extent.  It  is  cut  and  stacked  in  August,  and  in  winter  is  hauled 
home  by  sled  or  dog-train.  It  is  said  to  be  greedilv  eaten  by  the  cattle 
and  to  be  as  nourishing  as  herd's  grass  [?J.  It  grows  shoulder-high,  BO 
that  even  a  small  meadow  furnishes  a  great  store  of  hay— Whitney  Cat., 
in  1851. 


1450. 
1451. 
1452. 
1453. 
1454. 


Langsdorffii,  Trin. 

Flint— Dr.  D.  Clark. 

stricta,  Trin. 

Flint— Dr.  D.-Clark;  and  northward  to  L.  Superior.— Gray. 

confinis,  Nutt. 

Flint-Dr.  D.  Clark. 

Nuttal liana,  Stend. 

S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat. 

longifolia,  Hook. 


Th. 
Bare. 


Th. 


Sand  dunes  along  L.  Michigan.    S.  Haven— Bailey;  Petoskey  (I);  Point  au 
Chene— Winch.  Cat. 


Sea  sand-reed.      1455.  arenaria,  Roth. 


\.  &  U.  P. 


This  is  one  of  the  few  plants  found  both  on  the  ocean  and  Great  Lake 
shores.    Petoskey  (!);  Point  au  Chene— Winch.  Cat. 


Mountain 
Rice. 


Mountain 
Rice. 


Mountain 
Rice. 


Black  Oat 
Grass. 


ORYZOPSIS 

1456.  melanocarpa,  Muhl. 

Woods.     S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat.; 
Co.;  Flint;  Hubbardston  (!). 

1457.  asperifolia,  Michx. 

Hillsides. 

1458.  Canadensis,  Torr. 

Sterile  soil.    S.  E.— Wright  I  la  I 


0.  &  s. 

8.  Haven  and  Lansing— Bailey;  Macomb 
Infrequent. 

Th. 

Common. 


comb  Co. 


Hubbardston  f|);    Ifonteall 
Common  in  Clare  Co  (I);  frequent  from  Ionia  northward. 


STIPA 

1459. 


avenacea,  L. 

g.  w.— Wright  Cat,;  South  Haven-Bailey. 


96 


MICHIGAN  FLOKA. 


Porcupine 
Grass. 


Triple- 
awned  Gi'ass. 


Fresh-water 
Cord-Grass. 


1460.  spartea,  Tria.,  not  of  Hook. 

Dry  plains.    S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat. ;  Lansing— Bailej 
of  Woodard  Lake,  Ionia  Co.  (!);  hills  along  Grand  1 

ARISTIDA 

1461.  purpurascens,  Poir. 

S.  Mich.— Winch.  Cat.;  Flint;  Macomb  Co. 

SPARTINA 

1462.  cynosuroides,  Willd. 

Banks  of  rivers. 


Th. 


Macomb  Co. ;  shore 
near  Ionia. 


Infrequent. 


0.  &s. 

Frequent. 


Muskit-Grass. 


Dog's-tail  or 
Wire-Grass. 


Tall  Red-top. 


Diarrhena. 


Orchard 
Grass. 


Kceleria. 

Eatonia. 
Eatonia. 
Eatonia. 

Melic-Grass. 


Rattlesnake- 
Grass. 


BOUTELOUA 

1463.  curtipendula,  Gray.  S. 

Dry  plains.    S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat. ;  Macomb  Co.  Infrequent. 

ELEUSINE 

1464.  Indica,  Gaertn. 

Ionia  Co.  (!);  Lansing  and  South  Haven— Bailey;    S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat. 

TRICUSPIS 

1465.  seslerioides,  Torr.  S. 

S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat. 

GRAPHEPHORUM 

1466.  melicoides,  Beauv.  Th. 

River  banks,  Macomb  Co.;  Flint;  Hubbardston  (!);  Petoskey(l);  Grand 
Detour,  Upper  Michigan.— Prof.  Porter. 

1467.  melicoides,  Beauv.,  var.  major,  Gray. 

Montcalm  Co.(!);  Macomb  Co. 
DIARRHENA 

1468.  Americana,  Beauv.  S. 

S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat.;  Flint;  Hubbardston  (!).    Reaches  its  northern  lim- 
its in  Ionia  Co.  Rare. 

DACTYLIS 

1469.  glomerata,  L. 

A  valuable  grass  for  pasture  and  hay;  becoming  naturalized. 
KCELERIA 

1470.  cristata,  Pers.  Th. 

Dry  hills.  Frequent. 

EATONIA 

1471.  obtusata,  Gray. 

S.  E.— Wright  Cat.;  Flint;  Hubbardston  (!).  Rare. 

1472.  Pennsylvania,  Gray.  Th. 

Moist  woods.  Common. 

1473.  Pennsylvanica,  Gray,  var.  major,  Torr. 

Flint;  spikelets  purplish-tinged  at  Petoskey  (!). 
MELICA 

1474.  mutica,  Walt. 

Macomb  Co.— Dr.  D.  Cooley. 
GLYCERIA 

1475.  Canadensis,  Trim 

Borders  of  marshes.    S.  W.— Winch.  Cat.;  Flint;  Ionia  Co.(!) 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


0? 


Reed  Meadow- 
Grass. 


Tb. 

Common. 


Low  Spear- 
Grass. 


Wire-Grass. 


False  Red-top. 
Fowl  Meadow. 
Grass. 

Kentucky 

Blue-Grass. 

June-Grass. 


Roughish 
Meadow-Grass. 


1476.  elongata,  Trin. 

Wet  woods—Gray;  Flint— Dr.  Clark. 

1477.  nervata,  Trin. 

Low  meadows 

1478.  pallida,  Trin. 

Shallow  water.    Macomb  Co.;  Flint;  Hubbardston  (!);  and  northward. 

1479.  aquatica,  Smith.  Th. 

Wet  grounds.  Common. 

1480.  fluitans,  K.  Br.  Th. 

Shallow  water.  Common. 

1481.  acutiflora,  Torr. 

Flint— Dr.  D.  Clark. 
POA 

1482.  annua,  L.  Th. 
Low  grounds.                                                                                 Common. 

1483.  compressa,  L.  Th. 

Dry  fields.    Nutritious  and  would  make  good  hay  if  it  could  be  jjrown  in 
quantity.  Common. 

1484.  alpina,  L. 

Isle  Royale— C.  G.  Loring,  Jr.,  in  Gray's  Manual. 

1485.  caesia,  Smith, 

Flint;  Petoskey  (!);  and  northward. 

1486.  caesia,  Smith,  var.  strictior,  Gr. 

Petoskey  (!);  Isle  Royale-C.  G.  Loring,  Jr.,  in  Gray's  Manual. 

1487.  serotina,  Ehrh.  Th. 

Wet  meadows,  where  it  is  a  valuable  grass— sometimes  mistaken  for  Red- 
top,  Agroslis  vulgaris.  (  ..ininon. 


U.  P. 

Th. 


1488.  pratensis,  L. 


Th, 


Eragrostis. 
Eragrostis. 

Eragrostis. 
Eragrostis. 


Pastures  and  meadows.    Our  most  valuable  pasture  grass;  not  of  much 
value  for  hay.    Blossoms  in  June. 

1489.  trivialis,  L. 

S.  Mich.-Wright  Cat.;  Flint. 

1490.  sylvestris,  Gray.  C.  &  S. 

Low  woods.    S.  Mich.— Winch.  Cat. ;  Flint;  Hubbardston  (!).  Rare. 

1491.  debilis,  Torr.  C,  &  S. 

Hillsides.    S.  Mich.— Winch.  Cat.;  Macomb  Co. ;  Hubbardston  ('V 

Frequent. 

1492.  alsodes,  Gray. 

Banks  of  streams.    Flint;  Hubbardston  (!);  etc 

1493.  flexuosa,  Muhl. 

Flint— Dr.  D.  Clark;  Hubbardston  (!). 
ERAGROSTIS 

1494.  reptans,  Nees. 

Gravelly  borders  of  streams. 

1495.  pomoides,  Beau  v.,  var.  megastachya,  Gr. 

Waste  places  and  gardens,— a  common  weed.    Tne  ep.  docs  not  occur. 

Common. 

1496.  pilosa,  Beauv.  8. 

Grand  Rapids— Coleman's  Cat. ;  Macomb  Co. 

1497.  Frankii,  Meyer. 

Roadsides  in  low  ground.    Lansing  (!);  Hubbardston  (!);  Gratloj 
etc.  Preqoeai. 

13 


(J.  A  8. 
Infrequent. 

K;irc. 

C.  &  s. 

Common. 
0.  A    S. 


MICHIGAN  FLOKA. 


Eragrostis. 
Eragrostis. 

Fescue-Grass. 


Sheep's 
Fescue. 


Sheep's 
Fescue. 


Sheep's 
Fescue. 


Meadow 
Fescue. 


Meadow 
Fescue. 


Xodding 
Fescue. 


Cheat  or 
Chess. 


Upright 
Chess. 


Wild  Chess. 


Reed. 


Common 
Darnel. 


Bearded; 
Darnel. 


1498.  capillaris,  Nees. 

Coleman's  Cat.;  S.  Mich. 

1499.  pectinacea,  Gray. 


-Wright  Cat.;  Prof  M.  W. 


Harrington. 

c.  &s. 


Dry  sandy  ground.    S. 
Muir,  Ionia  Co.  (!). 


Mich.— Wright  Cat. 


Reaches  its  northern  limits  at 
Infrequent. 


FESTUCA 

1500.  tenella,  Willd. 

Dry  grounds.    Common  in  the  center  of  the  State: 

1501.  ovina,  Gray. 

Dry  ground. 

1502.  ovina,  Gray,  var.  duriuscula,  Gray. 

S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat.;  Petoskey  (!). 

ovina,  Gray,  var.  rubra,  Gray. 

"Lake  Superior,  Dr.  Robbins."— Gray's  Manual. 

elatior,  L. 

Meadows.    Flint. 

1505.  elatior,  L.,  pratensis,  Gray. 

Kalamazoo— Tuthill;  Hubbardston  (!). 

1506.  nutans,  Willd. 

Woods. 

BROMUS 

1507.  secalinus,  L. 


L.  P. 

to  Petoskey  (!). 

Th. 

Common. 


1503. 


1504. 


L.  P. 

Frequent. 

Th. 


1508. 


Fields.  Too  common  in  wheat  fields.  There  is  a  wide-spread  notion, 
among  farmers,  that  wheat  changes  or  degenerates  into  this  grass.  It 
is  needless  to  say  that  it  is  wholly  without  foundation.  Often  as  many 
as  thirty  well-developed  stalks  grow  from  a  single  grain  in  rich  soil, 
each  sta'lk  maturing  a  hundred  grains  or  more.  It  is  perhaps  the  worst 
intruder  in  our  wheat  fields,  from  the  fact  that  its  grain  is  about  the 
size  of  the  wheat  kernel,  and  not  easily  separated  from  it.  This  grass 
seldom  troubles  the  better  class  of  farmers. 

racemosus,  L. 

Flint-Dr.  D.  Clark. 


1509.  Kalmii,  Gray. 

Drv,  open  woods.     S. 
ston  (!). 

1510.  ciliafcus,  L. 


C.  &S. 

-Wright  Cat.;  Flint;  Macomb  Co.;  Hubbard- 

Th. 


Moist  woods.     We  have  several  forms;   the  most  peculiar  of  which  is 
found  growing  on  low  sand  dunes  at  the  head  of  Little  Traverse  Bay(!). 


PHRAGMITES 

1511.  communis,  Trim 


L.  P. 


Swamps.      From  S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat.;    Chandler  marsh,   Lansing  (!); 
Maple  River  (!),  etc.;  to  Crooked  Lake,  Emmet  Co.  (!).         Infrequent. 

LOLIUM 

1512.  perenne,  L. 

Macomb  Co.— Dr.  Cooley ;  Ionia  Co.  (!),  etc.    Scarcely  naturalized. 

1513.  temulentum,  L.     (***) 

Scarcely  naturalized.    Flint;  Macomb  Co. ;  S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat. 


Conch,  Quitch, 
Quick,  or 
Quack  Grass. 


TKITIOUM. 


Th. 


1514.  repens,  L.     (***) 

Cultivated  ground's;    Varies  greatly.    Sometimes  grows  to  the  exclusion 
of  everything  else,  but  not  wide-spread  enough  to  be  considered  a  pest. 

1515.  repens,  L.,  var.  nemorale,  Anders. 

Petoskey— E.  J.  Hill. 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


99 


1516.  dasystachiuro,  Gray. 

Common  at  Petoskey  (!j;  X.  W.-Winrh.  Cat. 

151?.  violaceum,  Ilorneman. 

Flint;  Hubbardston  (1);  Petoskey  (!). 
Wheat-Grass.       1518.   caninum,  L. 

S.  Mich.— Winch.  Cat.;  MacombCo.;  Hubbardston  (!). 
HORDEUM 

1519.  jubatum,  L. 

Sands. 
ELYMUS 


Squirrel-tail 
Grass. 


Lvme  Grass. 
Wild  Rye. 

Wild  Rye. 
Wild  Rye. 


1520.  Virginicus,  L. 

River  banks. 


1521.  Canadensis,  L. 

River  banks. 

1522.  Canadensis,  L.,  var.  glaucifolius,  Gray. 


N.  &  U.  P. 
Th. 

Th. 


S.  W. 
Common. 

Th. 

Common. 

Th. 

Common. 


Wild  Rye. 
Wild  Rye. 
Wild  Rye. 


Ionia  Co.  (!);  Ingham  Co.  (!),  etc.    Specimens  from  bank-,  of  Bed  Cedar 
River,  Lansing,  measured  six  feet,  with  leaves  one  Inch  wide. 

1523.  Sibiricus,  L.  XT.  P. 

S.  shore  of  L.  Superior—Porter  in  Gray's  Manual. 

1524.  striatus,  Willd.  Th. 

S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat.;  Flint;  Hubbardston  (!);  northward  to  L.  Superior. 

1525.  mollis,  Trin. 

Shores  of  the  Great  Lakes— Gray's  Manual. 
GYMNOSTICHUM 
Bottie-brush        1526.  Hystrix,  Schreb.  Th 

Grass.  J  > 

Moist  woods.     A  variety  of  this  grass  is  found   in  one  locality  near  Hub- 
bardston with  smooth  and  very  glaucous  culms,  leaves  rough,  hairy. 

DANTHONIA 

1527.  spicata,  Beau  v.  Th. 
Sterile  soil.                                                                                 Frequent 

AVENA 

1528.  striata,  Michx.  ('.  S   S. 

S.  E.— Wright  Cat.;  MacombCo.;  Flint;  Hubbardston  (!). 

1529.  Smithii,  T.  C.  Porter.  U.  P. 

Isle  Royale,  Keweenaw  Point— Dr.  Rob  bin  8  in  Gray's  Man.;  an  I 
near  Sault  Ste.  Marie— C.  E.  Smith. 

TKISETUM 

Trisetum.  1530.  subspicatum,  Beauv.,  var.  niolle,  Gray. 

Whitney  Cat. 

Common  Hair-        1531,   flexuosa,  L. 
Grass.  _ 

ury  places. 


Wild  Oat 
Grass. 


Oat. 


r.  p. 


Infrequent, 

Th. 

Bogs.    s.  Mich.— Wright  Cat. ;  Flint;  Hubbardston  (!);  Petoskey  (1). 

Frequent. 


Hair-Grass.  1532.    C03Spitosa,   L 

Bogs.    S.  Mich.- 

ARRHENATHERUM 

oat-Grass.  1533.  ave?iaceu?n,  Beauv. 

Macomb  Co.,  etc.    Escaped  from  culture. 
HIEROCHLOA 
vaniiiaorsen-      1534.  borealis,  Rceni.  &  Scliultcs. 


eca-Grass. 


Not  confined  to  tlie  shores  of  the  Great  Lakes;  found  in  the  central  part 

.Mac. -uih  (',..;    Flint;    s.  fc— 


of  the  State  at  Ionia  0);  Hubbardston  (1) 
Winch.  Cat.,  etc. 


Common. 


100 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


Sweet  Vernal- 
Grass. 


Reed  Canary- 
Grass. 


Millet-Grass. 


Panic-Grass. 


Common  Crab  or 
Finger  Grass. 


Old-witch 
Grass. 


Panic-Grass. 

Panic-Grass. 
Panic-Grass. 
Panic-Grass. 
Panic-Grass. 
Panic-Grass. 

Panic-Grass. 


Barnyard- 
Grass. 


ANTHOXANTHUM 

1535.  odoratum,  L. 

Ionia  (!);  Grand  Rapids— Coleman  Cat.;  Petoskey  (!). 

PHALARIS 

1536.  arundinacea,  L. 


Rare. 


Th. 


Borders  of  streams.  Rare  in  L.  P.  "Var.  picta,  the  leaves  striped  with 
white,  is  the  familiar  ribbon-grass  of  the  garden."— Gray's  Manual. 
Lansing— Bailey;  Ann  Arbor— Prof.  M.  W.Harrington;  S.  Mich.— Winch 
Cat.;  Macomb  Co. ;  Flint;  Hubbardston  (!);  northward  to  L.  Superior- 
Whitney  Cat.  Infrequent. 


Th. 

Frequent. 


Common. 


Foxtail. 


Pigeon -Grass. 
Green  Foxtail. 
Bottle-Grass. 


The  spreading  panicle  is  easily  broken  off  and  blown 

Common. 


and  northward  to  Ionia(!);    Flint. 


MILIUM 

1537.  effusum,  L. 

Woods. 
PANICUM 

1538.  filiforme,  L. 

S.  W.— Wright  Cat. 

1539.  glabrum,  Gaudin. 

Waste  places. 

1540.  sanguinale,  L. 

Waste  places,  gardens,  and  fields.  A  bad  weed,  difficult  to  dig  up  or  pull 
out;  grows  quickly  and  is  perhaps  the  worst  weed  we  have  in  gardens 
at  least  in  some  localities.  P.  glabrum  grows  in  the  same  situations  but 
is  smaller  and  easily  eradicated. 

1541.  capillare,   L. 

Sandy  soil,  fields 
about  by  the  wind. 

1542.  virgatum,  L. 

S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat 
grass  along  rivers. 

1543.  latifoliurn,  L. 

Rich  woods 

1544.  clandestinum,  L. 

Low  grounds.    Macomb  Co.;  Lansing(!),  Flint(!),  Hubbardston(!). 

1545.  inicrocarpon,  Muhl. 

Gray's  Manual. 

i546.  pauciflorum,  Ell. 

Hubbardston (!).    Along  the  R.  R.  between  St.  Johns  and  Muir(!j. 

1547.  dichotomum,  L.  Th. 

Dry  or  low  grounds.    A  very  common  and  exceedingly  variable  grass. 
Some  forms  seem  distinct  enough  to  be  considered  species. 

1548.  depauperatum,  Muhl.  Th. 

Dry  woods  and  barrens.  Common. 

1549.  Crus-galU,  L. 

Low  grounds.    Variable.  Common. 

1550.  Crus-galU,  L.,  var.  hispidum,  Gray. 

In  swamps,  where  it  seems  indigenous.  Common. 

SETARIA 

1551.  verticillata,  Beau  v. 

Lansing,  College  grounds. 

1552.  glauca,  Beauv. 

Fields  and  gardens.  Common. 

1553.  viridis,   Beauv. 

Cultivated  grounds.  Common. 


A  tall  coarse 
Infrequent. 

c.  &s. 

Common. 


Rare. 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


101 


Millet. 


Bengal-Grass.        1554«    -BflJlYw,  Kuilth. 

Remaining  after  cultivation. 


Adv. 


Bur-Grass. 


Beard-Grass. 


Beard-Grass. 


Beard-Grass. 


Indian-Grass. 
Wood  Grass. 


CENCHRUS 

1555.  tribuloides,  L. 


This  bad  weed  has  begun  to  occupy  the  8.  part  of  the  State,  not  baring 
been  reported  N.  of  Grand  Kapida(l).   Not  m  ret  troublesome  in  fields, 

but  likely  to  become  soon  sandy  farms  along  the  Great  Laki 


ANDROPOGOX 

1556.  furcatus,  Mubl. 

Light  soil. 

1557.  scoparius,  Mx. 

Sterile  soil. 

1558.  Virgin icus,  L. 

S.  Mich.— Wright  Cat. 

SORGHUM 

1559.  nutans,  Gray. 

Dry  banks  and  sandy  fields.    Variable. 


0.  &  s. 

Common. 

C.  &.  8. 

Frequent. 


0.  &  s. 

Common. 


Great  Horse- 
tail. 


Common 
Horsetail. 


Meadow 
Horsetail. 


Wood  Horse- 
tail. 


Swamp 
Horsetail. 


Scouring 
Rush. 


EQUISETACE^S. 

(Horsetail  Family.  ) 

EQUISETUM 

1560.  Tel m ate i a,  Ehrh. 

Shore  of  the  upper  Great  Lakes.— Gray's  Manual. 

1561.  arvense,  L.     (***j 

Damp,  sandy  grounds. 

1562.  pratense,  Ehrh. 

Macomb  Co.;  Flint;  to  Pine  Lake,  Emmet  Co.— Winch.  Cat. 

1563.  sylvaticum,  L. 


Th. 

Common. 
I,    P. 
i:  ure. 

Th. 


Ann  Arbor,  rare. — Allmend.  Cat. ;  Clinton  Co.  (!);  Montcalm  Co.  (!);  Flint; 
and  northward  where  it  is  common. 


1564.  palnstre,  L. 

1565.  limosuiii,  L. 

In  shallow  water. 

1566.  hyemale,  L.     (***) 

Wet  banks. 

1567.  varieffatum,  Schleicher 


U.  P. 

0.  &  s. 

Common. 
Th. 
Common. 

Th. 


S.  E.— Winch.  Cat.;  Hubbardston  (!);  Muir  (!);  Macomb  Co.;  Flu 
dunes  at  the  head  of  Little  Traverse  Bay  {'.y,  Drummond'fl  L,  etc. 

1  n  f  r. 

1568.  scirpoides,  Michx.  Th. 

Macomb  Co. ;  Flint;  Hubbardston  (!);  Tetoskey  [!);  to  L.  Superior.— Whit. 

ney  Cat. 


Common 
Polypody. 


FILICES. 
(Ferns.) 

POLYPODIUM 

1569.  vulgare,  L.     (***)  Th. 

Drv  banks  and  rocks.    Grand  Ledge— Prof  W.  J.   Beal;  Hul 
etc.   Barely  seen  in  L.  P.,  but  very  common  In  I  .  P. 


102 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


American 
Maiden-hair. 


Bracken  or 
Eagle-Fern. 


Slender  Cliff- 
Brake. 


Clavton's 
Cliff- Brake. 


American 
Rock-Brake. 


Virginia 
Chain-Fern. 


Netted  Chain- 
Fern. 


Maiden-hair 
Spleen  wort. 


Ebony  Spleen- 
wort. 


Wall- Rue. 


Narrow- 
leaved 
Spleenwort. 

Silvery 
Spleenwort. 


Lady- Fern. 
Lady-Fern. 

Walking-Leaf. 


Common 
Beech-Fern. 


Hexagon 
Beech-Fern. 


Oak-Fern. 


ADIANTUM 

15?0.  pedatum,  L. 

Rich,  moist  woods.    One  of  our  most  beautiful  ferns. 
PTERIS 


1571.  aquilina,  L. 

Thickets. 


/***  i 


Th. 

Common. 

Th. 

Common. 


PELLJ3A 

1572.  gracilis,  Hook. 

Louse  Is.— Winch.  Cat. 

1573.  atropurpurea,  Link. 

Shaded  limestone  rocks.    N.  E.— Winch  Cat.;  Put-in-Bay  (!) 
CRYPTOGRAMME 

1574.  acrostichoides,  R.  Br. 

Isle  Royale.— Gray's  Manual. 
WOODWARDIA 

1575.  Virginica,  Smith. 


U.  P. 


Th. 


S.  W.— Wright  Cat.;  Ann  Arbor,  rare— Allmendinger  Cat.; 

Infrequent. 


0.  &s. 

idinger  C 
nfrequen 

o.&s. 


Marshes.  Marquette  Co.— Burt  MS.  Cat.;  Westville,  Montcalm  Co.  (!); 
Macomb  Co.;  Flint;  Lansing  &  So.  Haven— Bailey;  Hubbardston  (!); 
Ann  Arbor— Allmend.  Cat. 

1576.  angustifolia,  Smith. 

The  only  known  locality  of  this  fern  in  Michigan  is  at  South  Haven, 
where  it  was  detected  in  1880  by  L.  H.  Bailey,  Jr. 

ASPLENIUM 

1577.  Trichomanes,  L.  N. 

N.  E.— Winch.  Cat. 

157S.  ebeneum,  Ait. 

Allegan  (!)— Miss  Josie  A.  Williams. 

1579.  Ruta-muraria,  L. 

N.  E.— Winch.  Cat. 

1580.  angustifolium,  Michs 

Rich  woods 
Flint;  S.  Haven  and  Lansing— Bailey;  Ionia  Co.  (!) 

1581.  thelypteroides,  Michx.     (***) 

Rich  woods. 

1582.  Filix-fcemina,  Bernh.     (***)  Th. 

Moist  woods.    Exceedingly  variable.  Common. 

1583.  Filix-foeinina,  Bernh.,  var.  exile,  Eaton. 

Hubbardston  (!). 

CAMPTOSORUS 

1584.  rhizophyllus,  Link.  (?) 

Occurs  in  N.  Ohio,  and  may  be  looked  for  S. 

PHEGOPTERIS 

1585.  polypodioides,  Fee.  U.  P. 

Isle  Royale— Dr.  A.  B.  Lyons. 

15b6.  hexagonoptera,  Fee.  C.  &  S. 

Beech  woods.    Flint;  Hubbardston  (!);  Ann  Arbor— Allmendinger  Cat. 

Rare. 

1587.  Dryopteiis,  Fee.  Th. 

Open  woods.    Frequent  n.  of  lat.  43°,  especially  under  pines. 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


103 


Marsh  Shield- 
Fern. 


New  York 
Shield-Fern. 


Fragrant 
Wood-Fern. 


Spinulose 
or  Common 
Wood-Fern. 

Spinulose 
or  Common 
Wood-Fern. 

Spinulose 
or  Common 
Wood-Fern. 

Boott's  Wood- 
Fern. 

Crested  Wood. 
Fern. 


Gold  ie's  Wood- 
Fern. 


Male-Fern. 


Evergreen 
Wood-Fern. 


Christmas- 
Fern. 

Holly-Fern. 


Prickly 
Shield-Fern. 


Bulblet 
Cystopteris. 


Brittle-Fern. 


Mountain 
Cystopteris. 


Ostrich-Fern. 


Sensitive- 
Fern. 


•Obtuse-leaved 
Woodsia. 


ASPIDIUM 

1588.  Thelypteris,  Swartz. 

Swamps. 

1589.  Noveboracense.  Swartz. 


Th. 

Frequent. 

0.  &  8. 


Swamps.     Ann  Arbor— Allmendinger  Cat. ;  Macomb  Co.:  Lansing— Bailer: 
Hubbardston  (!).  J  ' 

1590.  fragrans,  Swartz.  U.  P. 

Crevices  of  shaded  cliffs.   Isle  Royale,  and  Keweenaw  Peninsula.— Dr. 

Lyons. 


1591.  spinulosum,  Swartz,  var.  vnlgare,  Baton, 


Th. 


Shady  woods.    Flint;  Hubbardston  (!);    L.  Superior— D.  0.  Baton,  l*( 
of  N.  A. 

1592.  spinulosum,  Swartz,   var.  intermedium,   Eaton.         Th. 
Woods.  Common. 

1593.  spinulosum,  Swartz,   var.  dilatatnm,  Eaton.  Th. 

Woods.    Ann  Arbor—  Allmendinger  Cat.;  Macomb  Co.;  Flint;  Hubbard- 
stone!);  PetoskevO);  and  northward. 

1594.  Boottii,  Tuckerman. 

Alder  thickets.    Hubbardston  (!);  Ann  Arbor— Winch.  Cat. 

1595.  cristatum,  Swartz.  Th. 
Swamps.                                                                                         Frequent. 

1596.  cristatum,  Swartz,  var.  Olintonianum,  Eaton. 

Ann  Arbor.— Allmendinger  Cat;  Hubbardston  (!). 

1597.  Goldianum,  Hook.  0.  A   3. 

Moist  woods.    Lansing.— Bailey;  Flint;  Hubbardston  (!).  Bare. 

1598.  Filix-mas,  Swartz.     (*)  U.  P. 

Rocky  woods.    Keweenaw  Peninsula,  Lake  Superior.— Gray. 

1599.  marginale,  Swartz.     (***)  Th. 

Hillsides  in  rich  woods.    S.  Haven— Bailey;  Flint;  Hubbardston (1);  and 
northward.  Frequent 

1600.  acrostichoides,  Swartz.  Th. 

Shady  hillsides.    Fronds  evergreen,  used  for  decoration.  Common. 

KiOl.  Lonchitis,  Swartz.  1  .  P. 

Woods.    Southern  shore  of  L.  Superior.— Prof.  Whitney. 

1602.  aculeatum,  Swartz.,  var.  Braunii,  Koch.  U.  P. 

Ontonagon  Peninsula.— Eaton's  Ferns  of  X.  A. 
CYSTOPTEKIS 

1603.  bulbifera,  Bernh. 

Moist  shaded  hillsides. 

1604.  fragilis,  Bernh. 
Woods  and  river  banks.     Ann  Arbor— Allmendinger  Cat.;  I  »nslng— Bai- 
ley; Flint;  Hubbardston  (!)  northward  to  L.  Superior— Whitney. 

1605.  montana,  Bernh. 

North  shore  of  Lake  Superior,  J.  Macoun,  1888,— Eaton's  Ferna  Of  N.   A.; 

and  probably  in  our  district. 

ONOCLEA 

1606.  struthiopteris,  lloff.  Th. 

Alluvial  soil.    Worthy  of  cultivation  ;  one  Of  our  finest  ferns. 

1607.  sensibilis,  L.  Th* 

Wet  places.  Abundant. 

WOODSIA 

1608.  obtusa,  Torr. 

Rocky  places. 


Th. 

Locally  frequent. 

Th. 


r.  p. 

N'..t  rare. 


104 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


Rusty 
Woodsia. 


Smooth 
Woodsia. 


Northern 
Woodsia. 


Oregon 
Woodsia. 


Hairy 
Dicksonia. 


Royal-Fern. 


Clayton's 
Floweriug- 
Fern. 
Cinnamon- 
Fern. 


Moonwort, 


Hitchcock's 
Moonwort. 

Lanceolate 
Grape-Fern. 

Matricary 
Grape- Fern. 

Virginia 
Grape-Fern. 


Ternate 
Grape-Fern. 


Dissected  G.-F. 


1609.  Ilvensis,  R.  Br.  N.  &  U.  P. 

N.  E.— Winch.  Cat. ;  L.  Superior— Whitney  Cat. 

1610.  glabella,  R.  Br.     ? 

North  Shore  of  Lake  Superior— J.  Macoun. 

1611.  hyperborea,  R.  Br.     ? 

North  shore  of  Lake  Superior— J.  Macoun.    The  last  two  species  may  be- 
looked  for  in  our  district. 

1612.  Oregana,  D.  0.  Eaton.  U.P. 

Crevices  of  rocks  south  shore  of  Lake  Superior— Gray's  Manual. 


DICKSONIA 

1613.  pilioscula,  Willd. 

Petoskey,  Emmet  Co.,— Winch.  Cat. 

OSMUNDA 

1614.  regalis,  L.     (***) 

Swamps. 

1615.  Clay  ton  i  an  a,  L. 

Moist  grounds. 

1616.  cinnamomea,  L. 

Swamps. 

BOTRYCHIUM 

1617.  Lunaria,  Swartz. 

"Lake  Superior  CLesquereux),  and  sparingly  northward.' 
Manual. 


N. 


Th. 

Common. 

Th. 

Common. 
Common. 


U.  P. 

-Eaton  in  Gray's- 


1618.  simplex,  Hitchcock.  U.  P. 

Hillsides.    Westward  to  Lake  Superior.— D.  C.  Eaton,  Ferns  of  N.  Am. 

1619.  lanceolatum,  Angstrcem.  U.  P. 

Damp  mossy  places.    Lake  Superior— H.  Gillman. 

1620.  matricariaBfolium,  Al.  Braun.  U.  P. 

Dark  wet  woods.    Lake  Superior.— D.  C.  Eaton. 

1621.  Virginicum,  Swartz.  Th. 

Rich  woods.  Common. 

1622.  ternatum,  Swartz,  var.  lunaroides,  Eaton. 

J.  Macoun. 

1623.  ternatum,  Swartz,  var.  obliquum,  Eaton. 

Pastures  and  meadows.  Fort  Gratiot  and  S.  Mich.— Winch.  Cat. ;  Flint;  Sv 
Haven,— Bailey ;  Lansing  (!);  Ann  Arbor,— Allmendinger  Cat.;  Gratiot 
Co.  (!).  Infrequent. 

1624.  ternatum,  Swartz,  var.  dissectum,  Eaton. 

South  Haven  (!)— Bailey. 


Club-moss. 
Club-moss. 
Club-moss. 


LYCOPODIACE.E. 

(Club-moss  Family.) 
LYCOPODIUM 

1625.  lucidulum,  Mx.  Th. 

Moist  woods.  Frequent. 

1626.  Selago,  L. 

Lake  Superior— Gray's  Manual. 

162?.  inundatum,  L.  Th. 

Drummond's  I.,  Willow  River,  Huron  Co.,  Sugar  Is.— Winch  Cat. 


MICHIGAN  FLORA. 


105 


Club-moss. 


Tree-like  O. 
Ground-Pine. 


Common 
Club-moss. 


Selaginella. 
Selaginella. 
Selaginella. 


1C28.  aunotmnm,  L. 

Woods.    Petoskey  (!)  to  L.  Superior. 

1G29.  dendroid  en  in,  Michx. 

Moist  woods. 

1G30.  clavatum,  L.     (***) 

Dry  woods. 

1C3I.  complanatum,  L. 


N.  &  U.  P. 

Common. 

Th. 

Common. 

Tli. 
Common. 

Th. 


Bangor,  Van   P>uren    Co.— Bailey;    WooManl    Lake,    Ionia  Co.(!);    Flint; 
Macomb  Co.;  Stanton(!);  and  northward. 

SELAGINELLA 

1G32.  selaginoides,  Link.  U.  P. 

Isle  Royale— Dr.  A.  B.  Lyons. 

1C33.  rupestris,  Spring.  Th. 

Flint;  Woodard  Lake(!);  rare  in  L.  P.,  but  common  in  U.  P. 

1G34.  apus,  Spring. 

Ann  Arbor— Allmendinger  Cat. ;  IIubbardston(!)  Infrequent. 


ERRATA 


Page  5,  line  22.    For  "  three-fourths"  read  two-thirds. 

Page  6,  line  22.    For  "eltaum"  read  elalum. 

Page  6  ,  line  24.    For  "  Sheperdia"  read  Shepherdia. 

Page  7,  line  13  from  the  bottom.    For  "Potamageton"  read  Potamogeton. 

Page  10,  note  under  No.  1G.    P"or  "  full— double  "  read  full-double. 

Page  12,  under  No.  43,  after  "Flint,  etc.,"  read  Commonly  cultivated  fur  hedges,  and 
rarely  adventive. 

Page  12,  note  under  No.  44.    For  "  Commmon"  read  Common. 

Page  14.    No.  78  is  an  introduced  plant. 

Page  18,  No.  150,  com.  name.    For  *k  Long-eared"  read  Long-leaved. 

Page  18,  No.  160.    Read  "Adv.  and  rare,"  after  "  Dr.  Wright,  Dr.  Clark." 

Page  19,  No.  171,  com.  name.    Insert  a  period  after  "  Indian  Mallow."' 

Page  19.    No.  172  is  indigenous. 

Page  19,  No.  174,  com.  name.    Insert  a  period  after  "  Basswood." 

Page  20.    No.  182  is  adventive  from  Europe. 

Page  21,  note  under  No.  195.    For  "  inoculous"  read  innocuous. 

Page  21,  No.  196.    For  "  radican"  read  radicans. 

Page  26,  No.  273.    For  "  Leucantha"  read  leucantha. 

Page  29,  note  under  No.  318.    For  "  Kittattiny  "  read  Kittalinny. 

Page  29,  note  under  No.  330.    For  "Crategus"  read  Crataegus. 

Page  36,  note  under  No.  431.    For  "flower"  read  fruit. 

Page  40.    Read  "  BARRENS"  as  part  of  note  under  No.  502— Botoens.  S.  Mich.,  etc. 

Page  42,  No.  541.    For  "  var.  L.,"  read  L.,  var. 

Page  56,  No.  792,  com.  name.    For  "  Frog-Fruit"  read  Fog-fruit. 

Page  64,  No.  911.    For  "  S."  read  C.  &  S. 

Page  65,  No.  929.    For  "  lapithifolium  "  read  lapathifolium. 

Page  70,  No.  1010.  For  "  vulgoris,"  read  vulgaris  Lam. 

Page  74,  note  under  No.  1057.    For  "cental"  read  central. 

Page  79,  note  under  No.  1130.  Substitute  a  period  for  the  comma  after  "pine 
region." 

Page  87,  No.  1261.    For  "  Shultes,"  road  Schultes. 

Page  88,  note  under  No.  1284.    For  "Baily  "  read  Bailey. 

Page  89,  No.  1309.    For  "  teretinscula,"  read  teretiuscida,  Good. 

Page  92,  No.  1389.    For  "  Scabrata,"  read  scabrata. 

Page  94,  No.  1440.    For  "  Low  Grounds,"  read  Low  ground. 

Page  96,  note  under  No.  1466.  Substitute  a  period  for  the  comma  after  "River 
banks." 


Library 


.n, 


